Emerging mosquito-borne bunyaviruses in Canada

Drebot, MA

doi:10.14745/ccdr.v41i06a01

Cited by 73 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

109

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Jamestown Canyon virus is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the California serogroup within the genus Orthobunyavirus and Bunyaviridae family of viruses. 1 Other medically important California serogroup viruses in this genus include Snowshoe hare virus and La Crosse virus. 1 Jamestown Canyon virus was first isolated in 1961 from a pool of Culiseta inornata mosquitoes collected in Jamestown, Colorado.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jamestown Canyon virus meningoencephalitis mimicking migraine with aura in a resident of Manitoba

Vosoughi

Walkty

Drebot

et al. 2018

CMAJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 26-year-old man with no substantial medical history presented to an academic emergency department in Winnipeg with a headache and associated neurologic symptoms. The patient reported that earlier in the day while driving a car, he had felt a sudden tingling and numbness in his right foot. This subsequently spread up the right side of his body to his right leg, right arm, and the right side of his face. The episode lasted about 10 minutes before the symptoms spontaneously resolved. Later the same day, a second episode of rightsided numbness occurred. This time, the symptoms were associated with difficulty speaking, prompting the patient to go to the emergency department.Between 45 and 60 minutes after the onset of symptoms, the patient had a moderate-to-severe throbbing headache. The speech and sensory problems resolved within 2 hours and 30 minutes, whereas the headache improved within 11 hours. The patient reported no history of migraine headaches. During the visit to the emergency department, computed tomography (CT) imaging of the brain, CT angiogram of the cervical and cranial arteries and unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain done with diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping were all unremarkable. The patient returned home the same day with a diagnosis of migraine with aura.Two days later, the patient woke up early in the morning with numbness and tingling in his left foot, which gradually spread over several minutes to his left arm and the left side of his face, and was associated with a headache and a milder degree of speech impairment in the form of word-finding difficulty. No visual symptoms were reported. The patient again presented to the emergency department for further evaluation. Within 1 hour his neurologic deficits had improved, but he continued to complain of a severe bifrontal throbbing headache, with associated nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia. The headache was worse with standing and activity. The patient reported no fever, chills, sweats, neck stiffness or rash. A review of systems was otherwise negative. The patient lived in Winnipeg and reported no recent travel outside of Manitoba. He had no contact with animals or people who were ill. There was no history of tick exposure. However, the patient did report numerous recent mosquito bites.On physical examination, the patient was afebrile and hemodynamically stable, with a blood pressure of 165/97 mm Hg and a heart rate of 70 beats/min. Cardiac, respiratory and abdominal examinations were unremarkable. No nuchal rigidity or rash was seen. The neurologic examination showed blurring of the optic disk margins bilaterally. Basic electrolytes, serum creatinine and liver enzymes were within normal limits. The patient had a normal total white blood cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count. Additional CT imaging of the brain was unremarkable. Electroencephalography did not show any epileptiform discharges. A repeat MRI of the brain showed suspected leptomeningeal enhancement over both co...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jamestown Canyon virus meningoencephalitis mimicking migraine with aura in a resident of Manitoba

Vosoughi

Walkty

Drebot

et al. 2018

CMAJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Included in the CSGV are Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare viruses. The reservoirs for these pathogens vary between the mosquito species; for example, the main animal reservoir of Jamestown Canyon virus is the white-tailed deer (16), while for snowshoe hare virus it is (not surprisingly) the snowshoe hare and other small mammals (8). Humans are incidental or "dead-end" hosts for the endemic arboviruses; meaning that although they can be infected, they cannot subsequently transmit viruses to feeding mosquitoes with any efficiency due to low and transient viremia (4,10).…”

Section: Endemic Mosquito Species In Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since EEEV, Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare virus infections are not currently nationally notifiable diseases in Canada, there are no national surveillance programs to monitor their activity in mosquitoes, reservoirs or human populations. Nevertheless, the National Microbiology Laboratory tested for these arboviruses in patients who presented with symptoms consistent with arboviral infections; identifying cases of both Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare virus infections (8,43). The National Microbiology Laboratory has also carried out seroprevalence studies for other orthobunyaviruses, such as Cache Valley virus.…”

Section: Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most medically-important endemic MBD in Canada is West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Other endemic MBDs include Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and two California serogroup viruses (CSGV): Jamestown Canyon virus and snowshoe hare virus (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). All of these endemic MBDs are transmitted by endemic arboviruses (an acronym for ARthropod-BOrne virus, referring to any virus transmitted by an arthropod vector).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Increased risk of endemic mosquito-borne diseases in Canada due to climate change

Ludwig¹,

Zheng²,

Vrbova³

et al. 2019

CCDR

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are currently over 80 species of mosquito endemic in Canada-although only a few of these carry pathogens that can cause disease in humans. West Nile virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus and the California serogroup viruses (including the Jamestown Canyon and snowshoe hare viruses) are mosquito-borne viruses that have been found to cause human infections in North America, including in Canada. Over the last 20 years, the incidence of most of these endemic mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) has increased approximately 10% in Canada, due in large part to climate change. It is anticipated that both the mosquito lifecycle and virus transmission patterns will be affected by climate change, resulting in an increase in both the range and local abundance of several important mosquito species. Laboratory studies and mathematical modelling suggest that increased ambient temperatures, changes in precipitation and extreme weather events associated with climate change will likely continue to drive mosquito vector and MBD range expansion, increasing the duration of transmission seasons and leading to MBD-related epidemics. Furthermore, Canada's endemic MBDs have complex transmission cycles, involving multiple reservoir hosts (birds and mammals), multiple pathogens and multiple mosquito species-all of which may be sensitive to climate and other environmental changes, and making forecasting of potential emerging trends difficult. These expected climate-induced changes in mosquitoes and MBDs underline the need for continued (and expanded) surveillance and research to ensure timely and accurate evaluation of the risks to the public health of Canadians. Affiliations

show abstract

“…The major reservoir and vertebrate amplifier of JCV is believed to be the white-tailed deer ( 4 ). Squirrels, chipmunks, and hares serve as vertebrate reservoirs for SSHV ( 5 ). CSG virus infection is generally asymptomatic; however, after an incubation period of 3–7 days, a febrile illness may develop, and central nervous system involvement may lead to encephalitis or meningoencephalitis ( 6 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

California Serogroup Virus Infection Associated with Encephalitis and Cognitive Decline, Canada, 2015

Webster¹,

Dimitrova²,

Holloway³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Emerging mosquito-borne bunyaviruses in Canada

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

Jamestown Canyon virus meningoencephalitis mimicking migraine with aura in a resident of Manitoba

Jamestown Canyon virus meningoencephalitis mimicking migraine with aura in a resident of Manitoba

Increased risk of endemic mosquito-borne diseases in Canada due to climate change

California Serogroup Virus Infection Associated with Encephalitis and Cognitive Decline, Canada, 2015

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About