Emerging role of exosomes in craniofacial and dental applications

Abstract

Exosomes, a specific subgroup of extracellular vesicles that are secreted by cells, have been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. They participate in a diverse range of physiological and pathological processes. Given the capability of exosomes to carry molecular cargos and transfer bioactive components, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutics have been extensively studied over the past few decades. Herein, we highlight the emerging applications of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in the craniofacial and dental field. Moreover, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of exosomes in clinical applications.

Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles: A Novel Cell-Free Therapy for Wound Healing

“…Loading Exos into a supporting scaffold can prevent them from being quickly removed from the wound area. Additionally, synergies between Exos and scaffolds have been found that effectively promote wound repair [ 56 , 57 ]. We have highlighted those studies that utilize Exos loaded in bioactive scaffolds to promote wound healing in Table 2 .…”

Functional Dental Pulp Regeneration: Basic Research and Clinical Translation

“…Exosomes, important paracrine mediators, contain a broad spectrum of bioactive molecules derived from parental cells, including mRNAs, miRNAs and proteins. They can transfer important molecules to target cells and modulate cell functions [134,135]. Notably, DPSC-derived exosomes (DPSC-exos) can mimic the therapeutic benefits of parent cells while avoiding overt immune reactions and loss of stemness during expansion, storage, and transportation in vitro.…”

Tissue‐derived extracellular vesicles in cancers and non‐cancer diseases: Present and future

“…These factors are mutually restrictive. For example, “the purity” of Ti‐EVs is technically sensitive, which likely affects the interpretation of results, and accounts for the poor concordance among the results of individual studies (Xing et al., 2020 ). Conversely, in some studies on biomarker discovery, there may not be strict requirements for purity if certain biomarkers can be detected repeatedly in EV solutions.…”