Emerging Role of Lymphocyte Antigen-6 Family of Genes in Cancer and Immune Cells

Abstract

Stem Cell Antigen-1 ( Sca-1/Ly6A ) was the first identified member of the Lymphocyte antigen-6 ( Ly6 ) gene family. Sca-1 serves as a marker of cancer stem cells and tissue resident stem cells in mice. The Sca-1 gene is located on mouse chromosome 15. While a direct homolog of Sca-1 in humans is missing, human chromosome 8—the syntenic region to mouse chromosome 15—harbors several genes containing the characteristic domain known as LU domain. The function of the LU domain in human LY6 gene family is not yet defined. The LY6 gene family proteins are present on human chromosome 6, 8, 11, and 19. The most interesting of these genes are located on chromosome 8q24.3, a frequently amplified locus in human cancer. Human LY6 genes represent novel biomarkers for poor cancer prognosis and are required for cancer progression in addition to playing an important role in immune escape. Although the mechanism associated with these phenotype is not yet clear, it is timely to review the current literature in order to address the critical need for future advancements in this field. This review will summarize recent findings which describe the role of human LY6 genes— LY6D, LY6E, LY6H, LY6K, PSCA, LYPD2, SLURP1, GML, GPIHBP1 , and LYNX1 ; and their orthologs in mice at chromosome 15.

Fate and functional roles of Prominin 1+ cells in liver injury and cancer

“…3 c). These genes are involved in malignancies and cancer stemness 21 – 23 , further supporting the notion that Cluster 1 cells are TICs and tumor cells. We then acquired gene expression profiles unique to each of the three populations of Prom1 + Afp + , Prom1 + Afp – , and Prom1 – Afp + cells by comparing among them by the locally distinguishing comparison feature of the Loupe Browser as depicted by heatmaps and volcano plots (Fig.…”

Association of CSF Proteins With Tau and Amyloid β Levels in Asymptomatic 70-year-olds 

“…As previously mentioned, higher levels of GAP43 has been observed in CSF from patients with AD and individuals in the preclinical stages of AD, similarly to what has been seen for NRGN (12,13). GAP43 and BASP1 have previously showed signi cant associations to tau concentration, together with for example the cancer-associated protein LY6H, and PEBP1 which is believed to have implications for AD (22,70,71). The CACNA2D1 gene encodes the protein α 2 δ-1 which is a subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels present in skeletal muscle (72).…”

LY6E impairs coronavirus fusion and confers immune control of viral disease

“…LY6E is a member of the LY6/uPAR family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, and is implicated in diverse cellular processes 15 . To evaluate the specificity of LY6E for inhibiting CoVs, we ectopically expressed selected LY6/uPAR proteins 11 and infected Huh7 cells with HCoV-229E.…”