Emerging Role of Nutri-Epigenetics in Inflammation and Cancer

Abstract

Nutrition is a factor involved in inflammation and a modulator of risk toward some cancers, and the complexity of linkages between dietary components and epigenetics mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling) may affect the inflammation phenotype and the development of cancer. An increasing number of studies support the role of diet in cancer development, prevention, and treatment. Although current knowledge regarding nutria-epigenetics is expanding, more work is needed, and nurse scientists have the potential to significantly contribute to the expansion of this knowledge.

Esophageal squamous cell cancer susceptibility: Environmental and nutritional associations reveal a universally applicable pathogenesis scenario (Review)

“…An emerging role for the effect of dietary intake on epigenetics has also been observed in inflammation and the modulation of cancer risk. Further nutri-epigenetic studies have revealed a strong association between nutrition, epigenetic mechanisms, inflammation and cancer risk (98,99), implying that ESCC could be induced through the nutrition-inflammation-epigenetic pathway.…”

DNA methylation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha gene is associated with specific blood fatty acid levels in a gender‐specific manner

“…The nutritional components of diet, including fatty acids, ultimately contribute to the cell environment. Cells respond to their environment through changes in epigenetic mechanisms which include histone modifications, micro RNAs, chromatin remodelling and DNA methylation (Feinberg, 2018;Hussey et al, 2017;Joseph et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2019). Some of these responses result in alterations to, and errors within, the epigenome and are implicated in diseases such as cancer, CHD, and inflammatory bowel disease (Barnett et al, 2010;Ehrlich, 2019;Feinberg, 2018;Jones & Baylin, 2007;Muka et al, 2016).…”

Influence of epigenetics on periodontitis and peri‐implantitis pathogenesis

“…120 Interestingly, it has been suggested that the epigenetic pattern is more susceptible to changes in nutrition during times of inflammation and in ways that may be organ-or tissuespecific. 121 Recently, it was shown that 10-11 translocation enzymes and the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine pathway were influenced by nutritional compounds such as vitamin C, and that microbiomeproduced metabolites like folate also influenced enzymes regulating 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. 122 Few studies on diet and inflammation are available, but there are studies on the effects of dietary compounds on the oral mucosa.…”

“…Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate in green tea, polyphenols, and omega‐3‐polyunsaturated fatty acids in fatty fish were suggested to be anti‐inflammatory as well as preventative of cancer 120 . Interestingly, it has been suggested that the epigenetic pattern is more susceptible to changes in nutrition during times of inflammation and in ways that may be organ‐ or tissue‐specific 121 . Recently, it was shown that 10‐11 translocation enzymes and the 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine pathway were influenced by nutritional compounds such as vitamin C, and that microbiome‐produced metabolites like folate also influenced enzymes regulating 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine 122 …”