Emerging role of organic acids in leaching of valuable metals from refinery-spent hydroprocessing catalysts, and potential techno-economic challenges: A review

Pathak, Ashish; Vinoba, Mari; Kothari, Richa

doi:10.1080/10643389.2019.1709399

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The experiments using organic lixiviant-citric acid (CA) have been performed to assess the leaching potential of V from SDC sample and to establish the optimal process parameters. Citric acid has been selected as a proxy of a bacterially derived low-molecular-weight organic acid, which is easily biodegradable in the environment [27]. The CA used in the experiment was of analytical grade (Merck, Germany).…”

Section: Chemical Leaching Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, (bio)hydrometallurgical approaches are believed to be more environment-friendly due to low-energy demand. The reagents used in hydrometallurgical studies were both inorganic and organic, acidic, and alkaline [23][24][25][26][27]. In particular, organic acids such as citric acid might be used in metal extraction due to their environmental safety, natural origin, and high degradability [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vanadium removal from spent sulfuric acid plant catalyst using citric acid and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Mikoda

Potysz

Kucha

et al. 2020

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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Spent catalysts being considered hazardous wastes exhibit a high metal content in mobile forms. In addition, growing demand for circular economy policy applications requires proper utilization of these wastes. This study aimed at the assessment of vanadium leaching from spent desulfurization catalyst derived from sulfuric acid plant dump located nearby a copper smelter. Chemical and phase composition of the catalyst has been characterized. The extraction has been performed using chemical (0.1-M and 1-M citric acid) and biological (biotic solution with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) methods, using different experimental parameters (pulp density, particle size, leaching time) to observe V leaching behavior and kinetics. The results revealed that both citric acid and bacteria carried out the extraction process well. The optimal parameters for acid leaching were < 0.2-mm particle size and 2% pulp density, which allowed to leach out 95% of V from spent catalyst within 48 h. The bacterially mediated extraction resulted in 93% V leached out within 21 days with 2% pulp density. The experiments showed that V present in the catalyst is susceptible to bioleaching and organic acid leaching with the latter being a quicker process.

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Section: Chemical Leaching Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanadium removal from spent sulfuric acid plant catalyst using citric acid and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Mikoda

Potysz

Kucha

et al. 2020

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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show abstract

“…In view of the worldwide depletion of natural resources and ongoing environmental pollution, increased recycling is necessary, specifically for the recycling of semi-manufactured products, secondary materials, by-products, and wastes, including detrimental wastes [1][2][3]. Most industrial wastes are now regarded as recyclable substances and valuable sources of raw materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Leaching of Valuable Metals from Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst with Oxalic Acid

et al. 2022

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The problem of spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalyst resource utilization, draws more and more attention to system analysis. SFCC was leached in an oxalic solution for comprehensive utilization. The results showed that for a D50 ≤ 17.34 μm, the catalyst leached for 240 min at 95 °C in the presence of a 2 mol/L oxalic acid solution, and the extent of leaching of V, Ni, Fe, and Al was 73.4%, 32.4%, 48.2%, and 36.8%, respectively. Studies on the occurrence state of the main ions (V, Ni, Fe, and Al) in the leaching solution were presented. Additionally, the separation of the main ions from such a solution by the “solvent extraction-stripping-hydrothermal precipitation-comprehensive recovery of valuable metal” process was studied. The immobilization rates of vanadium and nickel in geopolymers can be obtained using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test, and the geopolymers prepared by SFCC leaching residues can be considered a non-hazardous material. A process diagram of the comprehensive utilization of SFCC catalysts is presented.

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“…However, pyrometallurgy has huge disadvantages, namely the need for special equipment and high energy consumption. Moreover, concentrated metals must be refined (Ding et al 2019;Pathak et al 2020;Wiecka et al 2020). Therefore, the application of hightemperature treatment is limited from both environmental and economic viewpoints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the application of hightemperature treatment is limited from both environmental and economic viewpoints. Recently, (bio)leaching with chemical and bacterial means using a plethora of lixiviants and bacterial strains has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers worldwide (Asghari et al 2013;Pradhan et al 2013;Srichandan et al 2014;Vyas and Ting 2016;Vyas and Ting 2018;Pathak et al 2020;Le and Lee 2020). Both chemical and biological leaching procedures led to high yields of released metals (even up to 100%) in both single-step and multi-step processes, and in combined chemical-biological processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spent sulfuric acid plant catalyst: valuable resource of vanadium or risky residue? Process comparison for environmental implications

Mikoda

Potysz

Gruszecka‐Kosowska

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The enormous amount of spent catalysts generated worldwide may pose a risk to the environment because of their high load of metals, including vanadium. The latter may be mobilized and released to the environment if managed improperly. Moreover, the catalysts could be considered as secondary resources rather than waste. This study aimed at the efficient extraction of vanadium from spent desulfurization catalyst (SDC) from a sulfuric acid production plant. The raw SDC and the post-extraction residues were characterized in terms of their chemical and phase composition. The metal mobility from the materials was examined with both single-step and multi-step extractions. The environmental risk assessment was performed using sequential extraction. The study revealed that both tested methods (citric acid leaching and bioleaching with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) enable the extraction of nearly 96% of V from SDC with a simultaneous reduction of metal mobility. However, the bacterial treatment was found more suitable. The leached residue was mostly (> 90%) composed of SiO2, which makes it a potential candidate for application in construction (e.g., concrete mixtures) after additional examinations. The study highlights the need to develop a metal extraction process for SDC in a way that metal-free residue could be a final product.

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Emerging role of organic acids in leaching of valuable metals from refinery-spent hydroprocessing catalysts, and potential techno-economic challenges: A review

Cited by 43 publications

References 70 publications

Vanadium removal from spent sulfuric acid plant catalyst using citric acid and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Vanadium removal from spent sulfuric acid plant catalyst using citric acid and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Selective Leaching of Valuable Metals from Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst with Oxalic Acid

Spent sulfuric acid plant catalyst: valuable resource of vanadium or risky residue? Process comparison for environmental implications

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