Emerging role of sphingolipids and extracellular vesicles in development and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases

Bhat, Owais Mohmad; Mir, Rakeeb Ahmad; Nehvi, Iqra Bashir; Wani, Nissar Ahmad; Dar, Abid Hamid; Zargar, M Afzal

doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101469

Cited by 2 publications

References 255 publications

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Microfluidic Dielectrophoretic Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Plasma Lipoproteins

Sabaté del Río,

Son,

Park

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid vesicles shed by cells, carrying proteins, nucleic acids, and other molecular fingerprints. EVs have emerged as crucial mediators of cell-to-cell communication and hold great promise as biomarkers for liquid biopsies, enabling disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. However, conventional EV separation methods are hampered by the presence of lipoproteins (LPs) in plasma samples, which have comparable characteristics and significantly outnumber EVs. These LPs contaminants complicate downstream analysis, compromising the accuracy of EV-based liquid biopsies. In this study, we present a lab-on-a-chip device that utilizes dielectrophoretic (DEP) separation principles to achieve efficient separation of EVs from LPs. Our method starts with a lab-on-a-disc filtration of human blood plasma gathering similar-sized EVs and LPs, followed by on-disc buffer exchange and subsequent injection into a microfluidic chip containing slanted interdigitated microelectrodes. The DEP force is negative for all EV sizes and positive for all LP sizes at 10 4 Hz and thus EVs are pushed away and collected at the collection outlet, whereas LPs are flowed down to the waste outlet. This two-step EVs isolation method, size-based filtration followed by DEP-based purification, offers a promising solution for enhancing the quality and accuracy of EV-based liquid biopsies.

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Microfluidic Dielectrophoretic Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Plasma Lipoproteins

Sabaté del Río,

Son,

Park

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Regulatory Pathways of Long Non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

Eini,

amini,

Farzan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a life-threatening complication of sepsis, marked by temporary myocardial dysfunction. Emerging evidence highlights the critical roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating the molecular pathways involved in SCM, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as promising therapeutic targets. This review explores the potential of lncRNAs and miRNAs in SCM, focusing on their regulatory functions and therapeutic applications. Key miRNAs, such as miR-495 and miR-21-3p, are highlighted as early diagnostic indicators and modulators of disease progression. Similarly, lncRNAs like MALAT1 and HOTAIR play crucial roles in controlling fibrosis and inflammation within the myocardium. Therapeutic strategies include the use of miRNA mimics to restore miRNA function, antagomiRs to inhibit overexpressed miRNAs, and the modulation of lncRNA expression to mitigate SCM progression. Advanced delivery methods, including CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology, are discussed as innovative approaches to enhance the specificity and efficacy of ncRNA-based therapies. In conclusion, ncRNAs offer significant potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in SCM, presenting new avenues for targeted treatment. However, further research is required to address challenges related to delivery, specificity, and long-term safety in clinical applications.

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Emerging role of sphingolipids and extracellular vesicles in development and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 2 publications

References 255 publications

Microfluidic Dielectrophoretic Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Plasma Lipoproteins

Microfluidic Dielectrophoretic Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Plasma Lipoproteins

Regulatory Pathways of Long Non-coding RNAs and MicroRNAs in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

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