Emerging role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: An update on evidence and therapeutic implications

Murdaca, Giuseppe; Tonacci, Alessandro; Negrini, Simone; Greco, Mónica; Borro, Matteo; Puppo, Francesco; Gangemi, Sebastiano

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102350

Cited by 228 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…Influence on B-cell function has been reported as a consequence of differentiation and proliferation inhibition, apoptosis promotion and decreases in immunoglobulin production (autoantibodies included). It also reduces T-cell function by both decreasing T helper cell proliferation and differentiation, promoting a shift from a pro-inflammatory to a more tolerogenic immune status [6,34]. These new findings on the role of vitamin D have been underlined by studies reporting the increased risk of respiratory infection and of autoimmune disease in cases of low levels of vitamin D [9,35].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The role of vitamin D on immune function has been the subject of increasing interest, and studies have reported effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. Vitamin D exerts effects on different aspects of immune functions, and it helps in promoting innate immunity by maintaining and improving defences against infection whilst, in parallel, regulating T-cells and dendritic cells (DCs) via a possible role in the mitigation of T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease [6][7][8][9]. The enzyme to convert 25-hydroxyvitamin D to its active form is expressed in macrophages and monocytes.…”

Section: Vitamin D and Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that vitamin D can participate in infection control thanks to its effect on macrophages, which enanch the antimicrobial effect. Indeed, the activation of Toll-like receptors regulates VDR expression, as bacteria lead Toll-like receptors to activate VDR expression and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase activity to be increased, with the latter stimulating cathelicidins [6,34]. Moreover, vitamin D has shown an effect on dendritic cell activity by inhibiting monocyte differentiation into dentritic cells and decreasing IL-12 production.…”

Section: Vitamin D and Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D has been known for its role in the maintenance and safeguarding of skeletal system integrity. Indeed, biologically active vitamin D enhances calcium intestinal absorption by regulating calcium transport proteins in the small intestine, stimulating osteoclastic maturation and helping bone growth, which in turn supports collagen matrix mineralization [1,3,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 900 genes have been reported as regulated by vitamin D [1,3]. Although its effect on the immune system and infection is an emerging topic, there has been an increased understanding related to vitamin D as a regulator and signaling component on the immune system [6,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible Role of Vitamin D in Celiac Disease Onset

2020

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Beside skeletal system maintenance and protection, possible extra-calcium roles of vitamin D have been recently described. In particular, studies have investigated possible roles of vitamin D as a key modulator of inflammation and immune mechanisms and of the intestinal mucosa barrier. In this regard, vitamin D has been considered as a factor that affects different conditions such as immune-mediated diseases. The new emerging role of vitamin D and its involvement in immune modulation has led it to be considered as a possible key factor involved in celiac disease (CD) onset. CD is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine that is triggered by dietary gluten protein exposure in individuals who are genetically predisposed. However, along with gluten, other environmental factors are also involved in CD onset. The renewed interest in a molecule that offers great possibilities for new roles has led to an increase in studies, although there remains a lack of studies aimed at contextualizing the role of vitamin D on CD. This review aims to define the possible role of vitamin D in CD onset as it is presently understood, taking into account potential links among vitamin D, the immune system and CD.

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Section: Vitamin D and Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Vitamin D and Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vitamin D and Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Possible Role of Vitamin D in Celiac Disease Onset

2020

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Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Clarke

Mitchell

Sharp

et al. 2022

Arthritis Care & Research

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Vitamin D and Marine n‐3 Fatty Acids for Autoimmune Disease Prevention: Outcomes Two Years After Completion of a Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial

Costenbader,

Cook,

Lee

et al. 2024

Arthritis & Rheumatology

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ObjectiveIn the 5.3 year randomized, 2 x 2 factorial, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled VITamin D and OmegA‐3 TriaL (VITAL), vitamin D supplementationreduced autoimmune disease (AD) incidence (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.61‐0.99). Omega‐3(n‐3) fatty acid supplementation showed a statistically non‐significant reduction (HR 0.85, 0.67‐1.08). We aimed to confirm further AD cases arising during and after randomization and assess sustained effects with 2 years of post‐intervention observation.MethodsOf the 12,786 men ≥ age 50 and 13,085 women ≥ age 55 initially randomized, we followed surviving and willing participants for 2 more years. We continued to confirm annual participant‐reported new AD by medical record review. Cox models calculated HRs for all confirmed AD, and for secondary endpoints, confirmed and probable cases, and individual ADs, including the observational period and during randomized time.Results21,592 participants (83.5%) were followed observationally for two more years. 514 participants had incident confirmed AD (236 since prior report). 255 had been randomized to vitamin D vs. 259 to vitamin D placebo: HR 0.98 (0.83‐1.17) at 7 years. AD was confirmed in 234 participants initially randomized to n‐3 fatty acids vs. 280 randomized to its placebo: HR 0.83 (0.70‐0.99) at 7 years. Of newly confirmed cases, 65 had onset during randomization; their inclusion changed randomized results to: HR 0.85 (0.70‐1.04) for vitamin D and HR 0.87 (0.71‐1.06) for n‐3 fatty acids.ConclusionsTwo years after trial termination, vitamin D 2000 IU/day's protective effects dissipated, but 1000 mg/day n‐3 fatty acids had a sustained effect in reducing AD incidence.

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Emerging role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: An update on evidence and therapeutic implications

Cited by 228 publications

References 186 publications

Possible Role of Vitamin D in Celiac Disease Onset

Possible Role of Vitamin D in Celiac Disease Onset

Vitamin D Levels and Risk of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Vitamin D and Marine n‐3 Fatty Acids for Autoimmune Disease Prevention: Outcomes Two Years After Completion of a Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial

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