Emerging roles of microRNA‐208a in cardiology and reverse cardio‐oncology

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer, which are the leading causes of mortality globally, have been viewed as two distinct diseases. However, the fact that cancer and CVDs may coincide has been noted by cardiologists when taking care of patients with CVDs caused by cancer chemotherapy; this entity is designated cardio‐oncology. More recently, patients with CVDs have also been found to have increased risk of cancers, termed reverse cardio‐oncology. Although reverse cardio‐oncology has been highlighted as an important disease state in recent studies, how the diseased heart affects cancer and the potential mediators of the crosstalk between CVDs and cancer are largely unknown. Here, we focus on the roles of cardiac‐specific microRNA‐208a (miR‐208a) in cardiac and cancer biology and explore its essential roles in reverse cardio‐oncology. Accumulating evidence has shown that within the heart, increased miR‐208a promotes myocardial injury, arrhythmia, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction and that secreted miR‐208a in the circulation may have novel roles in promoting tumor proliferation and invasion. This review, therefore, provides insights into the novel roles of miR‐208a in reverse cardio‐oncology and strategies to prevent secondary carcinogenesis in patients with early‐ or late‐stage heart failure.

Current perspectives of cardio‐oncology: Epidemiology, adverse effects, pre‐treatment screening and prevention strategies

“…The next investigated markers are non‐coding RNAs. Wang et al's study revealed that an elevated level of microRNA‐208a can be a useful indicator of high risk in patients with HF and malignancy; however, its role in cardiotoxicity remains unclear 54 …”

CVD phenotyping in oncologic disorders: cardio-miRNAs as a potential target to improve individual outcomes in revers cardio-oncology

“…hypertension, heart failure (HF), arteriosclerosis (AS) and myocardial infarction (MI) etc.) can influence distant tumor development by secreting circulating factors, such as the noncoding RNA, cytokines and proteins [23,26,31]. The Cardio-miRNAs of cardiovascular dysfunction (e.g., pro-inflammatory and cellular senescence) is an important inducing factor for cardiovascular diseases.…”

“…However, the role of miRNAs as a systemic influence in the synthesis of crosstalk between different diseases is still less. Especially, some typical biomarkers reflected by changes of expression profile for Cardio-miRNAs in circulation, which may become an important factor that diseases associated with age [26,30,173]. Therefore, Cardio-miRNAs may be keys to potential targets that treating chronic complications and malignant progression of tumor [30,174].…”

“…Based on this particularity, the detection of biomarkers is particularly important in the prediction and prevention of systemic diseases. The mechanism of the CVD-related diseases impact on tumors belongs to the field of reverse Cardio-Oncology, which can help us understand and recognize the systemic and holistic effects of CVD on distant cancers via circulation [23][24][25][26].…”

Cardio-Oncology: Mechanisms, Drug Combinations, and Reverse Cardio-Oncology

“…These works demonstrated that miRs may be important regulators of various cardiovascular diseases and pathological processes in cancer. In-depth understanding of the role of miRs in reverse cardio-oncology is expected to "kill two birds with one stone" [315].…”