Emerging techniques in atherosclerosis imaging

Syed, Maaz; Fletcher, Alexander; Forsythe, Rachael; Kaczynski, Jakub; Newby, David E.; Dweck, Marc R; Beek, Edwin Jr van

doi:10.1259/bjr.20180309

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Phagocytosis of these lipid rich proteins by macrophages induces cell apoptosis leading to cellular debris which, along with necrotic endothelial and smooth muscle cells, form the principal constituent of the lipid-rich plaque core. The deposit of calcium and phosphate-rich hydroxyapatite crystals occurs as a macrophage-mediated response to oxidation and endothelial dysfunction[ 2 ]. Coronary artery disease (CAD) secondary to atherosclerosis remains the most common cause of death across the globe, imposing a major health and economic burden on nations[ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stent visualization methods to guide percutaneous coronary interventions and assess long-term patency

Ghafari¹,

Carlier²

2021

WJC

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Evaluation of acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) results and long-term follow-up remains challenging with ongoing stent designs. Several imaging tools have been developed to assess native vessel atherosclerosis and stent expansion, improving overall PCI results and reducing adverse cardiac events. Quantitative coronary analysis has played a crucial role in quantifying the extent of coronary artery disease and stent results. Digital stent enhancement methods have been well validated and improved stent strut visualization. Intravascular imaging remains the gold standard in PCI guidance but adds costs and time to the procedure. With a recent shift towards non-invasive imaging assessment and coronary computed tomography angiography imaging have shown promising results. We hereby review novel stent visualization techniques used to guide PCI and assess stent patency in the modern PCI era.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stent visualization methods to guide percutaneous coronary interventions and assess long-term patency

Ghafari¹,

Carlier²

2021

WJC

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“…Despite immense diagnostic and therapeutic advances, atherosclerosis remains a global public health problem and will continue to require the development of new strategies. These new approaches are increasingly based on molecular understanding of the disease, allowing specific nanomedicine-based molecular imaging and therapy [ 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ]. Of particular interest are IONPs that can be used as transport vehicles for diagnostic or therapeutic agents through specific surface coating and functionalization, thus enabling site-specific and targeted delivery [ 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Tissue Regeneration and Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

2021

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In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in clinical practice. In the meantime, the use of nanomaterials for the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues is considered advantageous in most areas of medicine. In particular, for the treatment of cardiovascular, osteochondral and neurological defects, but also for the recovery of functions of other organs such as kidney, liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra and for wound healing, nanomaterials are increasingly being developed that serve as scaffolds, mimic the extracellular matrix and promote adhesion or differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the latest developments in regenerative medicine, in which iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) play a crucial role for tissue engineering and cell therapy. IONPs are not only enabling the use of non-invasive observation methods to monitor the therapy, but can also accelerate and enhance regeneration, either thanks to their inherent magnetic properties or by functionalization with bioactive or therapeutic compounds, such as drugs, enzymes and growth factors. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can direct IONP-labeled cells specifically to the site of action or induce cell differentiation into a specific cell type through mechanotransduction.

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“…This plaque buildup is often only detected at the onset of symptoms, such as myocardial infarction or stroke, which are two of the most common causes of mortality in the United States and Europe [31]. At present, catheter-based X-ray angiography or intravascular ultrasound is used to identify coronary atherosclerosis, but this procedure is extremely invasive and only yields anatomical information about the degree of stenosis [26,33,34]. Non-invasive molecular imaging techniques must be utilized to characterize the plaque activity to determine which patients are extremely high-risk and require immediate intervention.…”

Section: Imaging Inflammatory Disease 21 Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Disease

et al. 2021

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Inflammatory diseases include a wide variety of highly prevalent conditions with high mortality rates in severe cases ranging from cardiovascular disease, to rheumatoid arthritis, to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to graft vs. host disease, to a number of gastrointestinal disorders. Many diseases that are not considered inflammatory per se are associated with varying levels of inflammation. Imaging of the immune system and inflammatory response is of interest as it can give insight into disease progression and severity. Clinical imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are traditionally limited to the visualization of anatomical information; then, the presence or absence of an inflammatory state must be inferred from the structural abnormalities. Improvement in available contrast agents has made it possible to obtain functional information as well as anatomical. In vivo imaging of inflammation ultimately facilitates an improved accuracy of diagnostics and monitoring of patients to allow for better patient care. Highly specific molecular imaging of inflammatory biomarkers allows for earlier diagnosis to prevent irreversible damage. Advancements in imaging instruments, targeted tracers, and contrast agents represent a rapidly growing area of preclinical research with the hopes of quick translation to the clinic.

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Emerging techniques in atherosclerosis imaging

Cited by 36 publications

References 105 publications

Stent visualization methods to guide percutaneous coronary interventions and assess long-term patency

Stent visualization methods to guide percutaneous coronary interventions and assess long-term patency

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Disease

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