Emerging Thermal Technology Enabled Augmented Reality

Parida, Kaushik; Bark, Hyunwoo; Lee, Pooi See

doi:10.1002/adfm.202007952

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 248 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…The poor thermal conductivity of the human skin (thermal conductivity of 0.37 W m À1 K À1 and poor thermal diffusivity of 10 À7 m 2 s À1 ) enables it to sustain the temperature of the human body. [51] However, the human skin reliably senses external temperature through its highly responsive thermoreceptors. [51] Just Adapted from ref.…”

Section: Tactile Sensing and Perception Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[51] However, the human skin reliably senses external temperature through its highly responsive thermoreceptors. [51] Just Adapted from ref. [47]; b) Adapted from ref.…”

Section: Tactile Sensing and Perception Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cold receptors are triggered below (<30 C) this thermal neutral zone, and the warm receptors are triggered above it (36-50 C). [51,69] However, when the temperature of the human skin exceeds 45 C or falls below 15 C, it activates the nociceptors, which induce the sensation of pain. [49] Thus, wearable thermal haptics for AR should operate in the temperature range from 15 to 45 C. Furthermore, it is paramount not to change the core temperatures of the human body below 33 C and above 41 C, which can lead to loss of consciousness and is detrimental to the human body.…”

Section: Tactile Perception Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[50] Other factors such as the location of the stimulation, the magnitude, and the rate of change of thermal activation should be considered while designing thermal haptics and sensors for AR. [51] These fundamental understandings of the thermal interaction between thermoreceptors and external objects will provide a framework for designing thermal haptics and sensors to stimulate and receive information from the human skin. More details on the emerging thermal technologies and design strategies for haptic-enabled AR can be found in Parida et al [51] The perception thresholds presented in this section would be a key starting point for anyone who would like to design a smart tactile glove capable of recreating human-like sensation, particularly for VR/AR applications.…”

Section: Tactile Perception Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Smart Tactile Gloves for Haptic Interaction, Communication, and Rehabilitation

Ozioko

Dahiya

2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

133

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Smart wearable technologies are rapidly revolutionizing our interactive experience with the real and virtual world through a variety of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) systems [1,2] as well as underpinning advances in several technological areas touching life, such as healthcare technologies, [3,4] assistive technologies, [5][6][7] smart homes, [8] and robotics. [9][10][11] With the remarkable progress in related underpinning technologies such as 5G/6G communication, [12] the Internet of things (IoT), [13] tactile Internet, [14] machine learning, [15] and neural computing, [16] one can only see bright prospects for smart wearable technologies such as intelligent human machine interfaces (HMIs). [17] The HMI is at the center of efficient collaboration between humans and the rapidly advancing digitalized world. [18,19] Although human interaction with the real or virtual world takes place through the five basic sensory modalities, the majority of HMI technologies rely on vision, audio, and touch-sensing modalities. The latter is the major modality when it comes to physical interaction. [2,20,21] However, sensory feedback alone is not enough as the two-way tactile communication from the contact point to the controlling unit (e.g., the brain in the case of humans) [10,22] is important for any effective interaction. To achieve two-way tactile communication, an interface that has the capability of sensing a stimulus and receiving feedback is desired. For example, with interactive VR/AR systems, the user can send information via touch sensors and receive signals via different modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, vestibular, and olfactory stimuli. VR tools that use computer-based interactive simulations to enable users to engage in environments that appear and feel similar to the real world are considered to be considerably useful for rehabilitation. [23,24] Likewise, the AR systems can infuse interactive virtual elements into the physical environment and thus supplement the real world. [23] The quality of the user experience with these systems depends on the intuitive interface offered by these systems, and their ability to provide easy-to-understand information. However, most VR/AR systems primarily provide visual and auditory feedback, which does not provide verisimilar immersive experiences. This is particularly unsuitable for people with impaired senses, such as the deaf and blind. [25] Conventionally, the HMI has involved gadgets such as keyboards, joysticks, mouses, screens, and Braille. However, the majority of these gadgets have one of more drawbacks, such as being bulky and nonintuitive, having low precision for monitoring human motions or transmitting complex commands, and having no capability to generate a feedback signal based on tactile sensing. As the requirement for richer, more versatile, and seamless interactions rises, researchers have explored several wearable options with sensors based on various sensing mechanisms such as capacitive, [9,[26][27][28][29]

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Section: Tactile Sensing and Perception Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[51] However, the human skin reliably senses external temperature through its highly responsive thermoreceptors. [51] Just Adapted from ref. [47]; b) Adapted from ref.…”

Section: Tactile Sensing and Perception Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tactile Perception Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tactile Perception Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Smart Tactile Gloves for Haptic Interaction, Communication, and Rehabilitation

Ozioko

Dahiya

2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Wearable TEGs can also be used in augmented reality and virtual reality applications. A comprehensive review on the recent adoption of thermal technology for augmented reality and virtual reality can be found in a recent review 76 …”

Section: Energy Harvesting From the Human Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable wearable energy storage devices self‐charged by human‐body bioenergy

Chen

Lee

2021

SusMat

Self Cite

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Charging wearable energy storage devices with bioenergy from human‐body motions, biofluids, and body heat holds great potential to construct self‐powered body‐worn electronics, especially considering the ceaseless nature of human metabolic activities. To bridge the gap between human‐body bioenergy and storage of energy, wearable triboelectric/piezoelectric nanogenerators (TENGs/PENGs), biofuel cells (BFCs), thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have been designed to harvest energy from body‐motions, biofluids, and body heat, respectively. Researchers have explored various strategies using bioenergy harvesters to charge wearable supercapacitors and batteries to relieve or even fully eliminate the recharging process from external power stations, thus, making wearable electronics more sustainable, autonomous, and user friendly. In this article, we review the advances in the design of sustainable energy storage devices charged by human‐body energy harvesters. The progress in multifunctional wearable energy storage devices that cater to the easy integration with human‐body energy harvesters will be summarized. Then, the focus is laid on the integrating strategies (single‐cell strategy and separated‐cell strategy), device design, materials selection, and characteristics of different self‐charging human‐body energy harvesting‐storage systems. Finally, the challenges that impede the wide application of human‐body energy harvesters charged supercapacitors/batteries and prospects will be discussed both from materials and structural design aspects.

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Thermal Interface Hydrogel Composites Mechanically Compliant with Curvy Skins and Rigid Electronic Modules

Ji,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The evolution of wearable electronic devices has drawn attention to personal thermal management (PTM) technologies encompassing the sensing and regulation of body temperature and/or harnessing human body heat for energy harvesting. However, solid PTM devices encounter inherent limitations concerning thermal contact and mechanical compatibility with the human body. This study introduces a thermal interface hydrogel exhibiting high thermal conduction and mechanical compatibility with human skin. Employing a strategic design approach, the mechanical and thermal properties of the hydrogel are assessed. This hydrogel is a structured composite incorporating alumina microplatelets embedded layer‐by‐layer within a densified polymer matrix. Incorporating aligned alumina platelets in the layered structure, combined with a densified polymer matrix ensuring close contact and packing of polymer chains, enhances the thermal conductivity of the hydrogel. Simultaneously, it maintains mechanical flexibility and robustness. Subsequently, the resulting hydrogel is showcased as a thermal interface material sandwiched between flexible human skin and a rigid Peltier module for a cooling device affixed to the human skin. Anticipated applications of the hydrogel‐based thermal interface material include advanced bioelectronics with added functionalities in PTM, all without inducing mechanical or physical discomfort.

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Emerging Thermal Technology Enabled Augmented Reality

Cited by 51 publications

References 248 publications

Smart Tactile Gloves for Haptic Interaction, Communication, and Rehabilitation

Smart Tactile Gloves for Haptic Interaction, Communication, and Rehabilitation

Sustainable wearable energy storage devices self‐charged by human‐body bioenergy

Thermal Interface Hydrogel Composites Mechanically Compliant with Curvy Skins and Rigid Electronic Modules

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