Emerging trends in nanomedicine for topical delivery in skin disorders: Current and translational approaches

Abstract

A drug can be administered topically in a localized manner anywhere in the body through various routes including ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, and skin. 1 Being the largest organ of the human body, the skin performs various functions including protection from the external environment, it serves as the first line of defense against the entry of microorganisms and chemicals, and provides a barrier to the loss of salts and fluids which helps in regulating body temperature. 2 It performs numerous indispensable capacities, including insurance against outside physical, substance and biologic attackers, just as avoidance of overabundance water loss from the body and a role in thermoregulation. The skin is persistent, with the mucous layers coating the body's surface. The skin is principally mesodermal in its embryonic induction. Specific skin cells and structures are shaped from 3 to 6 months of gestation. 3

Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in managing influenza virus infection: A hypothesis

“…Dendrimers are another type of nanomaterial that have been explored for their potential application in the delivery of antigenic molecules in the management of influenza. Dendrimers are three-dimensional, branched and star-shaped delivery systems that possess unique properties such as great water solubility, good biocompatibility, and low polydispersity index [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] . Polypropyleneimine and polyaminoamine dendrimers are the most utilized for vaccine delivery against influenza virus, whereby a dose of dendrimer encapsulating various antigens has been found to elicit powerful antibody and T-cell responses against influenza H1N1 virus [44] .…”