EMI based monitoring of early-age characteristics of concrete and comparison of serial/parallel multi-sensing technique

Priya, C. Bharathi; Saravanan, T. Jothi; Balamonica, K.; Gopalakrishnan, N.; Rao, A. Rama Mohan

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.079

Cited by 51 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…On the other hand, NDT is preferred as it is more practical, quick, and cost effective. Some of the NDT techniques that are widely used are the ultrasonic pulse velocity, Schmidt rebound hammer test, radiography, resonant frequency, isothermal calorimeter, maturity method, and some acoustic tests [14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. The traditional method for measuring concrete strength may need adjustments of special equipment and to be carried out during construction, which can interrupt the tough construction schedule, while the smart techniques do not delay construction and can provide data for as long it is needed in the process of structural health monitoring (SHM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis and Strength Estimation of Fresh Concrete Based on Ultrasonic Wave Propagation and Maturity Using Smart Temperature and PZT Sensors

Tareen

Kim

et al. 2019

Micromachines

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Recently, the early-age strength prediction for RC (reinforced concrete) structures has been an important topic in the construction industry, relating to project-time reduction and structural safety. To address this, numerous destructive and NDTs (non-destructive tests) are applied to monitor the early-age strength development of concrete. This study elaborates on the NDT techniques of ultrasonic wave propagation and concrete maturity for the estimation of compressive strength development. The results of these comparative estimation approaches comprise the concrete maturity method, penetration resistance test, and an ultrasonic wave analysis. There is variation of the phase transition in the concrete paste with the changing of boundary limitations of the material in accordance with curing time, so with the formation of phase-transition changes, changes in the velocities of ultrasonic waves occur. As the process of hydration takes place, the maturity method produces a maturity index using the time-feature reflection on the strength-development process of the concrete. Embedded smart temperature sensors (SmartRock) and PZT (piezoelectric) sensors were used for the data acquisition of hydration temperature history and wave propagation. This study suggests a novel relationship between wave propagation, penetration tests, and hydration temperature, and creates a method that relies on the responses of resonant frequency changes with the change of boundary conditions caused by the strength-gain of the concrete specimen. Calculating the changes of these features provides a pattern for estimating concrete strength. The results for the specimens were validated by comparing the strength results with the penetration resistance test by a universal testing machine (UTM). An algorithm used to relate the concrete maturity and ultrasonic wave propagation to the concrete compressive strength. This study leads to a method of acquiring data for forecasting in-situ early-age strength of concrete, used for secure construction of concrete structures, that is fast, cost effective, and comprehensive for SHM (structural health monitoring).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis and Strength Estimation of Fresh Concrete Based on Ultrasonic Wave Propagation and Maturity Using Smart Temperature and PZT Sensors

Tareen

Kim

et al. 2019

Micromachines

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“…The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI)-based monitoring using PZT patches were able to clearly identify the changes in the concrete matrix from day 1 to day 28 which is highly difficult to be monitored in any other non-destructive methods. [13][14][15][16] EMI catches up with the local loss of stiffness arising near the vicinity of the damage which in turn can be used to indicate the occurrence of damage. Karayannis et al 17 presented an experimental study to demonstrate the usage of technique to detect structural damage in real time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI)–based monitoring using PZT patches were able to clearly identify the changes in the concrete matrix from day 1 to day 28 which is highly difficult to be monitored in any other non-destructive methods. 13–16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric sensor–based damage progression in concrete through serial/parallel multi-sensing technique

Balamonica

et al. 2019

Structural Health Monitoring

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Structural damage detection using unmanned Structural Health Monitoring techniques is becoming the need of the day with the technologies available presently. Sensors made of Lead Zirconate Titanate materials, due to their simplicity and robustness, are increasingly used as an effective monitoring sensor in Structural Health Monitoring. Continuous monitoring of the structures using Lead Zirconate Titanate sensors often results in a laborious data retrieval process due to the large amount of signal generated. To speed up the data retrieval process, a multi-sensing technique in which the Lead Zirconate Titanate patches are connected in series and parallel is proposed for structural damage detection. The proposed method is validated using an experimental investigation carried out on a reinforced concrete beam embedded with smart Lead Zirconate Titanate sensor units. The beam is subjected to damage, and the location of damage is identified using conductance signatures obtained from patches sensed individually and through multiplexing. This article proposes an effective methodology for selection of patches to be connected in series/parallel to maximise the efficiency of damage detection. Damage quantification using conventional statistical metrics such as root mean square deviation, mean absolute percentage deviation and cross correlations are found to be ineffective in identifying the location of damage from the multiplexed signatures. In turn, dynamic metrics such as moving root mean square deviation, moving mean absolute percentage deviation and moving cross correlation with overlapped moving blocks of data are proposed in the present work and their ability to detect the damage location from multiplexed signatures is discussed.

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“…The cross-sectional area of steel bar strength changes in the components causing fuzzy changes in the signal [27,[29][30][31][32]. A reasonable assessment is impossible in the absence of multiple peaks in impedance signature, which increases the operational difficulty of this method and limits its application in large concrete structures [30][31][32]. v) Ultrasonic method [2,[33][34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shortcomings of current strength evaluation methods of casting materials [2,8,13,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]35,[38][39] have posed an urgent need to explore more advanced and non-destructive detection methods. In engineering construction, pouring materials are often mixed with steel bars.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New non-destructive method for testing the strength of cement mortar material based on vibration frequency of steel bar: Theory and experiment

Shi

Song

Chen

et al. 2020

Construction and Building Materials

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EMI based monitoring of early-age characteristics of concrete and comparison of serial/parallel multi-sensing technique

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Comparative Analysis and Strength Estimation of Fresh Concrete Based on Ultrasonic Wave Propagation and Maturity Using Smart Temperature and PZT Sensors

Comparative Analysis and Strength Estimation of Fresh Concrete Based on Ultrasonic Wave Propagation and Maturity Using Smart Temperature and PZT Sensors

Piezoelectric sensor–based damage progression in concrete through serial/parallel multi-sensing technique

New non-destructive method for testing the strength of cement mortar material based on vibration frequency of steel bar: Theory and experiment

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