Emission and absorption cross section spectra of Er³⁺ in LiNbO₃ crystals codoped with indium

Abstract

We have measured at room temperature polarized visible and near-infrared and unpolarized mid-infrared (2.7 lm) emission spectra of Er 3+ in LiNbO 3 (LN) crystals grown from congruent melts doped with 0.0/0.5, 0.5/0.5, and 1.0/0.5 mol%/mol% In 2 O 3 /Er 2 O 3 . From the measured emission spectra, the emission and absorption cross section spectral distributions were analyzed based on McCumber theory and discussed in comparison with those spectra of only Er-doped LN bulk material and/or Ti: Er: LN waveguide structure and with the results from the unpolarized absorption measurements. For the 530 and 1530 nm transitions, the cross section value, polarization dependence, and spectral shape all change from the only Er-doped material to the In-Er-codoped crystal and show definite In 2 O 3 doping level effect. The 559, 673, 996, and 1530 nm emission lifetimes were also measured and used to evaluate nonradiative multiphonon relaxation rate. The calculated radiative, measured lifetimes, and multiphonon relaxation rate also show In-codoping effects.

Influence of Factors on the Growth of the Er3+/Tm3+-Codoped LiNbO3 Crystal by Er3+/Tm3+ Codiffusion

“…Until now, the Er 3+ spectroscopic knowledge tends to be complete. Researchers have reported various aspects of Er 3+ spectroscopic properties such as absorption and emission (including upconversion) characteristics, − Judd–Ofelt theoretical data, − site occupation in the lattice, − and absorption and emission cross sections of the Er 3+ ion in both bulk material ,− and waveguide structure. − Some papers about the growth, optical, and Tm 3+ spectroscopic properties of homogeneously doped LN have also been published. ,− For the Er 3+ /Tm 3+ codoping case, however, few papers could be found in the literature. Although two previous papers involved with the (bulk) Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped LN, , the study concentrated on Er 3+ site occupation.…”

Emission and Absorption Cross Sections at 810 and 860 nm Bands of Er3+ in LiNbO3 Crystal

“…Up to date, the Er 3+ spectroscopic knowledge tends to be complete. Researchers have reported various aspects of Er 3+ spectroscopic properties such as absorption and emission (including upconversion) characteristics, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Judd-Ofelt theoretical data, [21][22][23][24][25][26] site occupation in lattice, [27][28][29][30][31] and absorption and emission cross-section characteristics of Er 3+ ion in both the bulk material 6,[32][33][34][35][36] and waveguide structure. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] In the aspect of absorption and emission cross section, the knowledge is not complete yet.…”