Emission characteristics of exhaust gases and nanoparticles from a diesel engine with biodiesel-diesel blended fuel (BD20)

Abstract

This experimental study sought to investigate the characteristics of the exhaust emissions, and nanoparticle size distribution of particulate matter (PM) emitted from diesel engines fueled with 20% biodiesel-diesel blended fuel (BD20). The study also investigated the conversion efficiency of the warm-up catalytic converter (WCC). The emission characteristics of HC, CO, NOx and nano-sized PM were also observed according to engine operating conditions with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The study revealed that the maximum torque achievable with the biodieseldiesel blended fuel was slightly lower than that achievable with neat diesel fuel at high-load conditions. Smoke was decreased by more than 20% in all 13 modes. While the CO and THC emissions of BD20 slightly decreased, the NOx emission of BD20 increased by 3.7%. Measured using the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), the total number and total mass of the nanoparticles in the size range between 10.6nm and 385nm were reduced by about 10% and 25%, respectively, when going from D100 to BD20. The particle number and mass for both fuels were reduced by about 43% when going from with EGR to without EGR. When EGR was applied in the engine system, the particle number and mass were reduced by 24%, and 16%, respectively, when going from D100 to BD20.

Determination of the optical depth of a DI diesel spray

“…(12) This model is valid once the liquid is fully atomized and this is the region of interest, as long as the measurements have not been performed close to the orifice exit (closer location is 20 mm away from the tip in our experiments). The input parameters used in the model to simulate different conditions of the injection process that are typical of modern Diesel sprays [ [3]] are the same used during the extinction measurements; the spray cone angle has been measured through spray imaging in the same test rig at the same conditions.…”

“…he impressive development of Diesel engines in the last decades, making them cleaner and more efficient, has been largely a consequence of the improvement of the injection systems performance and flexibility, and the implementation of new combustion strategies (LTC, MK, PCCI among others) [ [1]- [3]] that are mainly based on the use of advanced injection strategies and high EGR rates. Thus, DI Diesel spray properties have been deeply investigated and new technologies have been developed to increase the engine efficiency by providing injected spray with higher air entrainment and so better mixing processes by reducing orifice size, increasing injection pressure and redesigning nozzle geometry that finally increase combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions [ [4]- [6]].…”

“…In the different institutions that perform research on Diesel engines, a lot of different techniques are used to analyze the spray either macroscopically or microscopically, from basic parameters like tip penetration or spray cone angle obtained through macro-spray visualization [ [3]] to the really complex X-Ray absorption techniques [ [8]] to determine the fuel mass distribution or ballistic imaging [ [9]] to see the microstructures of the spray with a short time-gated imaging method. Depending on the aim of the study done on the injected spray, these different techniques can be applied with some restrictions.…”

A study on the control of NOx and particulate matter emissions from dimethyl ether combustion in compression ignition engines

“…Other significant factors to be considered include accurate replication of geometry features and engine operation parameters like piston geometry, piston motion, valve timing and position and fuel injection parameters. A few selected numerical studies conducted on DME combustion emissions by Park et al [43], Kim et al [25,82], Kong [131], Golovitchev et al [132,133], Zhao et al [134] etc. are discussed below.…”

“…DME is observed to have good thermal and chemical properties as a diesel replacement [25], and it can be manufactured from multiple sources such as coal, syngas, domestic bio-wastes, natural gas and any other hydrocarbon resource. DME has a higher cetane rating than diesel (55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60) and has good evaporation characteristics in the combustion chamber and therefore is a suitable fuel for diesel engines [21].…”