Emission factors of hydrocarbons, halocarbons, trace gases and particles from biomass burning in Brazil

Ferek, Ronald J.; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Hobbs, Peter V.; Blake, D. R.; Liousse, Catherine

doi:10.1029/98jd00692

Cited by 336 publications

(300 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Nss-SO (Ferek et al, 1998). Furthermore, our SO 2− 4 / OC and NO − 3 / OC ratios are comparable to those reported from individual fires in Brazil (Ferek et al, 1998).…”

Section: Relations Between Biomass-burning Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 73%

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Contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to organic aerosols and particulate matter in Tanzania, East Africa, based on analyses of ionic species, organic and elemental carbon, levoglucosan and mannosan

2013

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol samples of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were collected at a rural site in Tanzania, East Africa, in 2011 during wet and dry seasons and were analysed for carbonaceous components, levoglucosan, mannosan and watersoluble inorganic ions. The contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to the organic carbon (OC) and particulate matter (PM) mass were estimated to be 46-52 % and 8-13 %, respectively. The mean mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 28 ± 6 µg m −3 and 47 ± 8 µg m −3 in wet season, and 39 ± 10 µg m −3 and 61 ± 19µg m −3 in dry season, respectively. Total carbon (TC) accounted for 16-19 % of the PM 2.5 mass and 13-15 % of the PM 10 mass. On average, 86 to 89 % of TC in PM 2.5 and 87 to 90 % of TC in PM 10 was OC, of which 67-72 % and 63 % was found to be water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM 2.5 and PM 10 , respectively. We found that concentrations of levoglucosan and mannosan (specific organic tracers of pyrolysis of cellulose) well correlated with non-sea-salt potassium (nss-K + ) (r 2 = 0.56-0.75), OC (r 2 = 0.75-0.96) and WSOC (r 2 = 0.52-0.78). The K + / OC ratios varied from 0.06 to 0.36 in PM 2.5 and from 0.03 to 0.36 in PM 10 with slightly higher ratios in dry season. Mean percent ratios of levoglucosan and mannosan to OC were found to be 3-4 % for PM 2.5 and PM 10 in both seasons. We found lower levoglucosan / K + ratios and higher K + / EC (elemental carbon) ratios in the biomass-burning aerosols from Tanzania than those reported from other regions. This feature is consistent with the high levels of potassium reported in the soils of Morogoro, Tanzania, suggesting an importance of direct emission of potassium by soil resuspension although K + is present mostly in fine particles. It is also likely that biomass burning of vegetation of Tanzania emits high levels of potassium that may be enriched in plant tissues. The present study demonstrates that emissions from mixed biomass-and biofuel-burning activities largely influence the air quality in Tanzania.

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“…Nss-SO (Ferek et al, 1998). Furthermore, our SO 2− 4 / OC and NO − 3 / OC ratios are comparable to those reported from individual fires in Brazil (Ferek et al, 1998).…”

Section: Relations Between Biomass-burning Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Furthermore, our SO 2− 4 / OC and NO − 3 / OC ratios are comparable to those reported from individual fires in Brazil (Ferek et al, 1998). Therefore, these comparisons suggest that Morogoro aerosols are mostly influenced by different biomass-burning sources (Ferek et al, 1998).…”

Section: Relations Between Biomass-burning Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 70%

Contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to organic aerosols and particulate matter in Tanzania, East Africa, based on analyses of ionic species, organic and elemental carbon, levoglucosan and mannosan

2013

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“…R 2 values were highest for CO 2 and BC (0.52 and 0.47), reflecting their stronger associations with flaming combustion (Crutzen and Andreae, 1990;Reid et al, 2005). Correlations with OA and CO were weaker (R 2 = 0.28 and 0.23), as would be expected given production of each is greatest during the smouldering phase (Ferek et al, 1998;Andreae and Merlet, 2001;Gao et al, 2003). While trends with O 3 / CO show f 60 to decrease with aging (Fig.…”

Section: Aging As a Driver For Plume Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 78%

Properties and evolution of biomass burning organic aerosol from Canadian boreal forest fires

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Airborne measurements of biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) from boreal forest fires reveal highly contrasting properties for plumes of different ages. These measurements, performed using an Aerodyne Research Inc. compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (C-ToF-AMS) during the BORTAS (quantifying the impact of BOReal forest fires on Tropospheric oxidants over the Atlantic using Aircraft and Satellites) experiment in the summer of 2011, have been used to derive normalised excess organic aerosol (OA) mass concentrations ( OA / CO), with higher average ratios observed closer to source (0.190 ± 0.010) than in the far-field (0.097 ± 0.002). The difference in OA / CO between fresh and aged plumes is influenced by a change in dominant combustion conditions throughout the campaign. Measurements at source comprised 3 plume interceptions during a single research flight and sampled largely smouldering fires. Twentythree interceptions were made across four flights in the farfield, with plumes originating from fires occurring earlier in the campaign when fire activity had been more intense, creating an underlying contrast in emissions prior to any transformations associated with aging. Changing combustion conditions also affect the vertical distribution of biomass burning emissions, as aged plumes from more flaming-dominated fires are injected to higher altitudes of up to 6000 m. Proportional contributions of the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 60 and 44 peaks in the AMS mass spectra to the total OA mass (denoted f 60 and f 44 ) are used as tracers for primary and oxidised BBOA, respectively. f 44 is lower on average in near-field plumes than those sampled in the far-field, in accordance with longer aging times as plumes are transported a greater distance from source. However, high levels of O 3 / CO and −log(NO x / NO y ) close to source indicate that emissions can be subject to very rapid oxidation over short timescales. Conversely, the lofting of plumes into the upper troposphere can lead to the retention of source profiles after transportation over extensive temporal and spatial scales, with f 60 also higher on average in aged plumes. Evolution of OA composition with aging is comparable to observations of BB tracers in previous studies, revealing a consistent progression from f 60 to f 44 . The elevated levels of oxygenation in aged plumes, and their association with lower average OA / CO, are consistent with OA loss through evaporation during aging due to a combination of dilution and chemical processing, while differences in combustion conditions throughout the campaign also have a significant influence on BBOA production and composition.

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“…The aerosols over the green ocean are largely of biogenic origin (primary particles from the vegetation and gas-to-particle conversion from biogenic gaseous precursors). In contrast, the smoke is a mixture of ash particles, soot, organic materials, and inorganic salts (23)(24)(25)(26). Both biogenic and pyrogenic particles consist predominantly of organic material [some 80% (14)], of which about 60% is water-soluble (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon

Andreae

Rosenfeld

Artaxo

et al. 2004

Science

1,425

1,219

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Heavy smoke from forest fires in the Amazon was observed to reduce cloud droplet size and so delay the onset of precipitation from 1.5 kilometers above cloud base in pristine clouds to more than 5 kilometers in polluted clouds and more than 7 kilometers in pyro-clouds. Suppression of low-level rainout and aerosol washout allows transport of water and smoke to upper levels, where the clouds appear “smoking” as they detrain much of the pollution. Elevating the onset of precipitation allows invigoration of the updrafts, causing intense thunderstorms, large hail, and greater likelihood for overshooting cloud tops into the stratosphere. There, detrained pollutants and water vapor would have profound radiative impacts on the climate system. The invigorated storms release the latent heat higher in the atmosphere. This should substantially affect the regional and global circulation systems. Together, these processes affect the water cycle, the pollution burden of the atmosphere, and the dynamics of atmospheric circulation.

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Emission factors of hydrocarbons, halocarbons, trace gases and particles from biomass burning in Brazil

Cited by 336 publications

References 28 publications

Contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to organic aerosols and particulate matter in Tanzania, East Africa, based on analyses of ionic species, organic and elemental carbon, levoglucosan and mannosan

Contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to organic aerosols and particulate matter in Tanzania, East Africa, based on analyses of ionic species, organic and elemental carbon, levoglucosan and mannosan

Properties and evolution of biomass burning organic aerosol from Canadian boreal forest fires

Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon

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