Emissions from Diesel Versions of Production Passenger Cars

Springer, Karl J.; Baines, Thomas M.

doi:10.4271/770818

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…7 This work showed that the gaseous hydrocarbon emissions were generally higher from the diesel than from the gasoline fueled engine, but the diesel engine also had much higher particulate emissions.…”

Section: Light Duty Diesel Vs Gasolinementioning

confidence: 91%

EPA Motor Vehicle Emissions Characterization Projects on Light and Heavy Duty Diesels

Baines

Somers

Hellman

1982

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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Section: Light Duty Diesel Vs Gasolinementioning

confidence: 91%

EPA Motor Vehicle Emissions Characterization Projects on Light and Heavy Duty Diesels

Baines

Somers

Hellman

1982

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…(or 106 ,ug/gal) of diesel fuel burned. In one study, particulate emissions from diesel automobile engines were estimated to contain ten times the amount of BaP found in emissions of gasoline powered cars equipped with catalytic converters (31). Another report estimates BaP in exhaust from a light-duty diesel vehicle to be 10-60 times greater than in exhaust from a catalyst controlled light-duty gasoline vehicle (32).…”

Section: December 1981mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogenicity of airborne fine particulate benzo(a)pyrene: an appraisal of the evidence and the need for control.

Perera¹

1981

Environ Health Perspect

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Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) originating from fossil fuel and other organic combustion processes is largely adsorbed on fine particulate and hence is a widespread atmospheric pollutant. Available emissions and air quality data are based on the total weight of particulate matter without reference to size and give little information on trends and concentrations of fine particulate BaP. Greater reliance on coal, synfuels and diesel fuel for energy production and transportation will significantly increase ambient levels of BaP.Because of the particulate size, BaP is substantially deposited in the lower lung and readily eluted into surrounding tissue. After elution in the lung, BaP is metabolically activated to its electrophilic, carcinogenic form by a complex enzyme system whose activity is increased by prior exposure to air pollutants, cigarette smoke and certain drugs. The resultant diol epoxide metabolite has been shown to bind covalently with the DNA of the lung. In experimental animals, BaP is a potent initiating carcinogen whose action is enhanced by sulfur dioxide, promoting agents and carrier fine particles. The effect of small, divided doses of BaP has been shown to be greater than that of a single high dose; no threshold has been established. Epidemiological studies show that mixtures containing BaP (such as urban air, industrial emissions and cigarette smoke) are carcinogenic and may interact synergistically. Occupational studies indicate that the action of BaP-containing mixtures is enhanced in the presence of S02-However, quantitative risk assessment for BaP is precluded by problems in extrapolating to the general population from small-scale animal studies; uncertainties in findings of epidemiology; and imprecise exposure data. Existing stationary and mobile source controls preferentially remove coarse particulate matter and are inefficient collectors of fine particulate BaP. In the current absence of health and environmental standards for BaP, there is little incentive to control BaP emissions. BaP meets the criteria for regulation under the Clean Air Act; however, no such BaP standards have yet been proposed. IntroductionThis paper contains a broad review of the literature pertaining to the carcinogenicity of envi-

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“…The literature average (Hare et al, 1976;Springer and Baines, 1977;Hare and Baines, 1979;Hare and Bradow, 1979) for N in diesel exhaust particulate matter is (0.7+0.2)%, less than half the value in Table 2.…”

Section: Origins Of the Vehicle-aerosol Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the total-mass estimate from Table 1, 0.39% would be converted to 3.4 mg/km, or within the diesel Pb best-estimate range given in Table 3. The underlying origin has not been determined, but in a related report (Springer and Baines, 1977) the upper limit on Pb in the diesel fuel is given as < 1.3 mglliter, which would explain only a few percent of the diesel-exhaust Pb reported by these other investigators. The diesel-fuel Pb average at the Turnpike service plazas was 0.23 mglliter, enough to account for only 0.8% of the diesel-particulate Pb recorded in Table 2 or Table 3.…”

Section: Scandium Soil Dust Accounts For All Of the Scmentioning

confidence: 99%