Emissions from Fires Part II: Simulated Room Fires

Blomqvist, Per; Rosell, Lars; Simonson, Margaret

doi:10.1023/b:fire.0000003316.63475.16

Cited by 58 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Numerous studies on animals have also confirmed that some dioxin congeners are carcinogenic and produce mutagenic effects in certain species. However, it is difficult to extrapolate data from different fire test methods as there are significant differences in both the combustion conditions (such as large variation in temperature and oxygen environments), and also varying concentrations of precursors and chlorine in the product gases [73]. Therefore, at present, our knowledge of the distribution and quantities of these species in fire gases is fairly limited.…”

Section: Assessment Of Fire Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire toxicity – The elephant in the room?

Stec

2017

Fire Safety Journal

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Fire toxicity is the largest cause of death and injury from unwanted fires, yet it is the least well studied area of fire science and engineering. Fire toxicity increases by factors up to 50, as the fire becomes underventilated. This has proved difficult, but not impossible, to replicate in a controlled way on a bench-scale. Clear correlations have been observed between the stoichiometric equivalence ratio, and the yields of the major asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. In addition, irritant components of fire effluents, which have an instantaneous effect, can incapacitate fire victims, trapping them in a fire. However, the longer term toxicants present in fire effluents, such as the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the microscopic particulates which result from their agglomeration are probably responsible for hundreds or thousands more deaths than the acute asphyxiants and irritants.

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Section: Assessment Of Fire Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire toxicity – The elephant in the room?

Stec

2017

Fire Safety Journal

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“…Additionally studies were conducted to assess emissions from a range of burning materials under well-controlled conditions during small bench-scale experiments [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], emissions from largescale simulated room fires which were set up with a variety of furnishing materials [39][40][41][42] and emissions from vehicle fires [43]. These studies provide essential information on air pollutants released during combustion of materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most extensively studied class of combustion products was inorganic gases. A small number of studies also investigated other pollutants including VOCs [27,31,32,35,39,44], PAHs [27][28][29]31,33,37,38,[45][46][47][48], dioxins and/or other persistent organic pollutants [33,40,47,[49][50][51][52] and particle size distribution [45,53]. Organic compounds were considered to be a potential hazard, but in most studies individual compounds have not been identified or quantified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle and volatile organic emissions from the combustion of a range of building and furnishing materials using a cone calorimeter

Reisen¹,

Bhujel²,

Leonard³

2014

Fire Safety Journal

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“…Published studies containing detailed quantitative data on PAH emissions from fires are few, but several of these have been published by SP [3][4][5][6][7]. A number of large-scale fire experiments with detailed quantitative analysis of PAH are included in the studies made by SP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Quantified in Large-Scale Fire Experiments

et al. 2011

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A number of large-scale fire experiments with detailed quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) including PAH congener distribution have been conducted by SP. This data is reviewed here and is further assessed with regard to toxicity applying a Toxic Equivalency Factor (TEF) model for estimation of cancer potential. The PAH yield data from the large-scale fire experiments is also compared to emission factors from other combustion sources. The study shows that full-scale fire experiments with different products exhibit a large variation in total PAH yields. Fires with products containing flame retardants were shown to produce the highest yields and generally a more toxic mixture of PAHs than fires with nonflame retarded products. The distribution of individual PAH congeners is generally quantitatively dominated by low molecular weight PAHs, whereas a small number of medium to high molecular weight PAHs are most important in determining the toxicity of the PAH mixture. The large-scale fire experiments indicate that fires normally produce orders of magnitudes higher yields compared to, e.g. modern residential combustion devices. The relative distribution of individual PAHs, which determines the toxicity of the PAH mix, is similar for the fires and open burning data studied, in that benzo(a)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene dominate the toxicity of the mix as a whole.

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Emissions from Fires Part II: Simulated Room Fires

Cited by 58 publications

References 5 publications

Fire toxicity – The elephant in the room?

Fire toxicity – The elephant in the room?

Particle and volatile organic emissions from the combustion of a range of building and furnishing materials using a cone calorimeter

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Quantified in Large-Scale Fire Experiments

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