Emissions of atmospherically important nitrous acid (HONO) gas from northern grassland soil increases in the presence of nitrite (NO2−)

Bhattarai, Hem Raj; Virkajärvi, Perttu; Yli‐Pirilä, Pasi; Maljanen, Marja

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2018.01.017

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recently, soil was proposed as a possible contributor to missing HONO sources. HONO production in soil is highly variable depending on soil composition, moisture, and the presence of fertilizers (Bhattarai et al, 2018;Donaldson et al, 2014;Meusel et al, 2018;Scharko et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2019). Bhattarai et al (2018) and Wu et al (2019) evaluated the HONO emission rate from soil ranging from 9.6 × 10 7 to 8.2 × 10 11 molecules cm -2 s -1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HONO production in soil is highly variable depending on soil composition, moisture, and the presence of fertilizers (Bhattarai et al, 2018;Donaldson et al, 2014;Meusel et al, 2018;Scharko et al, 2015;Wu et al, 2019). Bhattarai et al (2018) and Wu et al (2019) evaluated the HONO emission rate from soil ranging from 9.6 × 10 7 to 8.2 × 10 11 molecules cm -2 s -1 . On a thin film of humic acid exposed to 17 ppbv of NO2 at 20% RH, the HONO emission rate was approximately 2.5 × 10 10 molecules cm -2 s -1 (Stemmler et al, 2006); a similar value was reported for soot surfaces (Arens et al, 2001;Han et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to assess which surface may mostly contribute to the total HONO formation in the environment, the total available surface of plant leaves should be considered. Considering HONO emission rates from soil calculated from previous work (Bhattarai et al, 2018;Meusel et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2019;Xue et al, 2019), HONO fluxes ranged from 0.5 pptv h -1 to 400 pptv h -1 depending on the soil properties. Estimations of HONO fluxes from Zea mays leaf surfaces were negligible below 303 K and ranged from 79 ± 17 pptv h -1 at 303 K to 171 ± 23 pptv h -1 at 313 K. Therefore, for warm environments in the presence of 40 ppbv of NO2, leaf contribution to HONO emission can compete with production from soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrous acid formation on Zea mays leaves by heterogeneous reaction of nitrogen dioxide in the laboratory

Marion

Morin

Gandolfo

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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Nitrous acid (HONO) is of considerable interest because it is an important precursor of hydroxyl radicals (OH), a key species in atmospheric chemistry. HONO sources are still not well understood, and air quality models fail to predict OH as well as HONO mixing ratios. As there is little knowledge about the potential contribution of plant surfaces to HONO emission, this laboratory work investigated HONO formation by heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on Zea mays. Experiments were carried out in a flow tube reactor; HONO, NO2 and NO were measured online with a Long Path Absorption Photometer (LOPAP) and a NOx analyzer. Tests were performed on leaves under different conditions of relative humidity (5 to 58 %), NO2 mixing ratio representing suburban to urban areas (10 to 80 ppbv), spectral irradiance (0 to 20 W m-2) and temperature (288 to 313 K). Additional tests on plant wax extracts from Zea mays leaves showed that this component can contribute to the observed HONO formation. Temperature and NO2 mixing ratios were the two environmental parameters that showed substantially increased HONO emissions from Zea mays leaves. The highest HONO emission rates on Zea mays leaves were observed at 313 K for 40 ppbv of NO2 and 40% RH and reached values of (5.6 ± 0.8) × 10 9 molecules cm-2 s-1. Assuming a mixing layer of 300 m, the HONO flux from Zea mays leaves was estimated to be 171 ± 23 pptv h-1 during summertime, which is comparable to what has been reported for soil surfaces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrous acid formation on Zea mays leaves by heterogeneous reaction of nitrogen dioxide in the laboratory

Marion

Morin

Gandolfo

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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“…Owing to the variation in global soil moisture, it is necessary to gather soil HONO and NO flux data from 0% to 100% of the water-holding capacity for the best estimation of global soil HONO and NO emissions (Porada et al 2019;Wu et al 2019). Therefore, airdried or oven-dried soils are often used for soil HONO and NO flux measurements and estimating global emission budgets, while fresh soil samples tend to be used for mechanistic studies (Bhattarai et al 2018;Mushinski et al 2019). In this study, the maximum soil N r gas flux and total N r gas emission of freeze-dried soil were comparable with those of fresh soil, indicating that freeze-dried samples might be best for simulating fresh samples when studying soil N r gas emissions.…”

Section: Soil N R Gas Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of the effects of different drying methods on soil nitrogen fractions: Insights into emissions of reactive nitrogen gases (HONO and NO)

Deng

Liu

et al. 2020

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters

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Reactive nitrogen (N r ) emission from soils, e.g., nitrous acid (HONO) and nitric oxide (NO), is a key process of the global nitrogen (N) cycle and has significant implications for atmospheric chemistry. To understand the underlying mechanisms of soil N r emissions, air-dried or oven-dried soils are commonly used in the laboratory. To date, few studies have compared the effects of different drying methods on soil N r gas fluxes and N fractions. Here, the authors studied soil water content, pH, (in)organic N content, and N r gas fluxes of air-dried, freeze-dried, oven-dried, and fresh soils from different land-use types. The results showed that the soil pH of air-dried and oven-dried samples was significantly lower compared with fresh soil from farmland and grassland, but higher compared with forest soil. The difference in soil pH between freeze-dried and fresh soil (mean ± standard deviation: 0.52 ± 0.31) was the lowest. In general, all drying methods increased the soil NH 4 + -N, NO 3 − -N, and dissolved organic N contents compared with fresh soil (P < 0.05). The maximum HONO and NO flux and total emissions during a full wetting-drying cycle of fresh soil were also increased by air-drying and oven-drying (P < 0.001), but comparable with freeze-dried soil (P > 0.2). In conclusion, all drying methods should be considered for use in studies on the landatmosphere interface and biogeochemical N cycling, whereas the freeze-drying method might be better for studies involving the measurement of soil N r gas fluxes. 冷冻干燥更适合土壤活性氮气体 (HONO和NO) 排放的研究？摘要

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“…not only atmospheric particles but also ground soils, with the report of direct soil emission (Meusel et al, 2018;Bhattarai et al, 2018). These heterogeneous conversions and emissions from soil are controlled by several conditions such as pH, moisture, and microbials and mainly affect daytime HONO concentrations (Ermel et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of HONO in O<sub>3</sub> formation and insight into its formation mechanism during the KORUS-AQ Campaign

Gil

Kim

Lee

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Photolysis of nitrous acid (HONO) has long been recognized as an early morning source of OH radicals in urban air, but the detailed mechanism of its formation is still unclear. During the Korea-US Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign, HONO was measured using Quantum Cascade Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (QC-TDLAS) at Olympic Park in Seoul from 17 May to 10 June, 2016. HONO concentrations ranged from 0.07 ppbv to 3.46 ppbv with an average of 0.93 ppbv. HONO remained high at night from 1 am to 5 am, during which the mean concentration was higher in high-O3 episodes (1.82 ppbv) than non-episode (1.20 ppbv). In the morning, OH budget due to HONO photolysis were higher by 50 % (0.95 pptv) during high-O3 episodes compared to non-episode. Diurnal variations of HOx and O3 simulated by the F0AM model demonstrated a difference of ~ 20 ppbv in daily maximum O3 between the two periods. The HONO concentration increased with relative humidity (RH) until 80 %, of which the highest HONO was associated with the top 10 % NOx, confirming that NOx is a crucial precursor of HONO and its formation is facilitated by humidity. The conversion ratio of NOx to HONO was estimated to be 0.86 × 10−2 h−1 at night and also increased with RH. As surrogate for the catalyst surface, the mass concentrations of black carbon (eBC) and the surface areas of particles smaller than 120 nm showed a tendency for RH similar to conversion ratio. Using an Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) model, HONO concentrations were successfully simulated with measured variables (r = 0.8 for the best suite), among which NOx, surface area, and RH were found to be main factors affecting ambient HONO concentrations with weigh values of 26.2 %, 11.9 %, and 10.6 %, respectively. This study demonstrates the coupling of HONO with HOx-VOCs-O3 cycle in Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMA) and provides practical evidence for heterogeneous formation of HONO by employing the ANN model to atmospheric chemistry.

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Emissions of atmospherically important nitrous acid (HONO) gas from northern grassland soil increases in the presence of nitrite (NO2−)

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Nitrous acid formation on Zea mays leaves by heterogeneous reaction of nitrogen dioxide in the laboratory

Nitrous acid formation on Zea mays leaves by heterogeneous reaction of nitrogen dioxide in the laboratory

Comparisons of the effects of different drying methods on soil nitrogen fractions: Insights into emissions of reactive nitrogen gases (HONO and NO)

The role of HONO in O<sub>3</sub> formation and insight into its formation mechanism during the KORUS-AQ Campaign

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Emissions of atmospherically important nitrous acid (HONO) gas from northern grassland soil increases in the presence of nitrite (NO2−)

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Nitrous acid formation on Zea mays leaves by heterogeneous reaction of nitrogen dioxide in the laboratory

Nitrous acid formation on Zea mays leaves by heterogeneous reaction of nitrogen dioxide in the laboratory

Comparisons of the effects of different drying methods on soil nitrogen fractions: Insights into emissions of reactive nitrogen gases (HONO and NO)

The role of HONO in O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; formation and insight into its formation mechanism during the KORUS-AQ Campaign

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The role of HONO in O<sub>3</sub> formation and insight into its formation mechanism during the KORUS-AQ Campaign