Emissions of regulated pollutants from in-use diesel back-up generators

Shah, Sandip D.; Cocker, David R.; Johnson, Kent C.; Lee, John M.; Soriano, Bonnie L.; Miller, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.063

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…DG sets are the prevailing option for backup power in facilities where continuous power is essential, based on their combination of reliability, durability, affordability, and overall efficiency (Shah et al, 2006). While increasing power deficit and instabilities in the electricity market resulted in rapid growth of the DG set market in several developing regions, DGs have been in use all over the world as backup power facilities, primary electricity generation sources in small remote areas or at initial development stage of industrial plants, for irrigation purposes, etc.…”

Section: Diesel Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information on DG set emissions factors is fairly limited and not necessarily representative of all regions. GAINS model emission factors were developed on the basis of data reported in a number of studies (Anayochukwu et al, 2013;Corbett and Koehler, 2003;Gilmore et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2008;Shah et al, 2004Shah et al, , 2006Shi et al, 2006;Tsai et al, 2010;Uma et al, 2004;US EPA, 1996). While it is possible to achieve emissions reductions from diesel combustion through engine modifications and postcombustion measures, we assume that in the period 1990-such controls.…”

Section: Diesel Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of historical global anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions including the consistent and harmonized calculation of mass-based size distribution (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 ), as well as primary carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC). The estimates were developed with the integrated assessment model GAINS, where source-and region-specific technology characteristics are explicitly included. This assessment includes a number of previously unaccounted or often misallocated emission sources, i.e. kerosene lamps, gas flaring, diesel generators, refuse burning; some of them were reported in the past for selected regions or in the context of a particular pollutant or sector but not included as part of a total estimate. Spatially, emissions were calculated for 172 source regions (as well as international shipping), presented for 25 global regions, and allocated to 0.5 • × 0.5 • longitude-latitude grids. No independent estimates of emissions from forest fires and savannah burning are provided and neither windblown dust nor unpaved roads emissions are included.We estimate that global emissions of PM have not changed significantly between 1990 and 2010, showing a strong decoupling from the global increase in energy consumption and, consequently, CO 2 emissions, but there are significantly different regional trends, with a particularly strong increase in East Asia and Africa and a strong decline in Europe, North America, and the Pacific region. This in turn resulted in important changes in the spatial pattern of PM burden, e.g. European, North American, and Pacific contributions to global emissions dropped from nearly 30 % in 1990 to well below 15 % in 2010, while Asia's contribution grew from just over 50 % to nearly two-thirds of the global total in 2010. For all PM species considered, Asian sources represented over 60 % of the global anthropogenic total, and residential combustion was the most important sector, contributing about 60 % for BC and OC, 45 % for PM 2.5 , and less than 40 % for PM 10 , where large combustion sources and industrial processes are equally important. Global anthropogenic emissions of BC were estimated at about 6.6 and 7.2 Tg in 2000 and 2010, respectively, and represent about 15 % of PM 2.5 but for some sources reach nearly 50 %, i.e. for the transport sector. Our global BC numbers are higher than previously published owing primarily to the inclusion of new sources.This PM estimate fills the gap in emission data and emission source characterization required in air quality and climate modelling studies and health impact assessments at a regional and global level, as it includes both carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous constituents of primary particulate matter emissions. The developed emission dataset has been used in several regional and global atmospheric transport and climate model simulations within the ECLIPSE (Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants) project and beyo...

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Section: Diesel Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diesel Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, emission factors for the 2009 inventory were taken from the EPA's AP-42 (EPA, 2011a) and literature data for similarly sized engines used in diesel-electric locomotives and diesel generators (e.g., Shah et al, 2006;Sawant et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2003). The NONROAD model (EPA, 2008) was not used to estimate emission factors because it estimates point values and not distributions.…”

Section: Drillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emission factors in this study are based on standardized test cycles. For example, the generator engines in Shah et al (2006) were tested on a 5-mode test cycle for nonroad compression ignition engines (Code of Federal Regulations 2004, Title 40, Part 89). One concern is that nonroad diesel vehicles are often operated under transient loads, which can significantly increase emissions (Clark et al, 2010;Lewis et al, 2011;Frey and Kim, 2006;Frey et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollutant emissions from the development, production, and processing of Marcellus Shale natural gas

Roy

Adams

Robinson

2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

117

121

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“…The operation mode of stationary engines such as backup generators is distinct from that of automobiles, because they operate near steady state conditions at nearly constant rpm and load. 23 Therefore, emission characteristics of PM from such engines can be significantly different from those of on-road vehicles. Moreover, the emission profiles of ultrafine particles (UFPs; aerodynamic diameter 100 nm) from diesel generators remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Emissions from a Stationary Engine Fueled with Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel and Waste-Cooking-Oil-Derived Biodiesel

Betha

Balasubramanian

2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Stationary diesel engines, especially diesel generators, are increasingly being used in both developing countries and developed countries because of increased power demand. Emissions from such engines can have adverse effects on the environment and public health. In this study, particulate emissions from a domestic stationary diesel generator running on ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) and biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil were characterized for different load conditions. Results indicated a reduction in particulate matter (PM) mass and number emissions while switching diesel to biodiesel. With increase in engine load, it was observed that particle mass increased, although total particle counts decreased for all the fuels. The reduction in total number concentration at higher loads was, however, dependent on percentage of biodiesel in the dieselbiodiesel blend. For pure biodiesel (B100), the reduction in PM emissions for full load compared to idle mode was around 9%, whereas for ULSD the reduction was 26%. A large fraction of ultrafine particles (UFPs) was found in the emissions from biodiesel compared to ULSD. Nearly 90% of total particle concentration in biodiesel emissions comprised ultrafine particles. Particle peak diameter shifted from a smaller to a lower diameter with increase in biodiesel percentage in the fuel mixture.

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Emissions of regulated pollutants from in-use diesel back-up generators

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon

Air pollutant emissions from the development, production, and processing of Marcellus Shale natural gas

Particulate Emissions from a Stationary Engine Fueled with Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel and Waste-Cooking-Oil-Derived Biodiesel

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