Emissions of SO2, NOx, CO2, and HCl from Co-firing of coals with raw and torrefied biomass fuels

Rokni, Emad; Ren, Xiaohan; Panahi, Aidin; Levendis, Yiannis A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.09.049

Cited by 182 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…There are a number of researches which investigate NO x emission formation and mechanism of NO x reduction. [16][17][18][19][20]22,23 NO x formation is dependent on fuel composition and combustion conditions such as flame temperature and oxygen concentration. Ninety-five percent of the total NO x emission is NO, while 5% represents the NO 2.…”

Section: Nox Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torrefied biomass is more preferable than raw biomass since it reduces emission gases without significant change in power plant efficiency. Several studies have been performed in order to investigate combustion and emission characteristics of torrefied biomasses . But there are limitations in these studies for estimation of combustion behavior in near real‐scale combustion environment because the combustion tests have been done in lab‐scale furnaces, with single particle or small fuel feed rates under ~g/h.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been performed in order to investigate combustion and emission characteristics of torrefied biomasses. [17][18][19][20] But there are limitations in these studies for estimation of combustion behavior in near real-scale combustion environment because the combustion tests have been done in lab-scale furnaces, with single particle 18 or small fuel feed rates under~g/h. Moreover, there are few studies reported for combustion of 100% torrefied biomass for higher fuel feed rates (>~kg/h) in oxy-combustion environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study on combustion of torrefied palm kernel shell (PKS) in oxy‐fuel environment

et al. 2019

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Summary Oxy‐combustion of biomass can be a major candidate to achieve negative emission of CO2 from a pulverized fuel (pf)‐firing power generation plants. Understanding combustion behavior of biomass fuels in oxy‐firing conditions is a key for design of oxy‐combustion retrofit of pulverized fuel power plant. This study aims to investigate a lab‐scale combustion behavior of torrefied palm kernel shell (PKS) in oxy‐combustion environments in comparison with the reference bituminous coal. A 20 kWth‐scale, down‐firing furnace was used to conduct the experiments using both air (conventional) and O2/CO2 (30 vol% for O2) as an oxidant. A bituminous coal (Sebuku coal) was also combusted in both air‐ and oxy‐firing condition with the same conditions of oxidizers and thermal heat inputs. Distributions of gas temperature, unburned carbon, and NOx concentration were measured through sampling of gases and particles along axial directions. Moreover, the concentrations of SOx and HCl were measured at the exit of the furnace. Experimental results showed that burnout rate was enhanced during oxy‐fuel combustion. The unburnt carbon in the flue gas was reduced considerably (~75%) during combustion of torrefied PKS in oxy‐fuel environment as compared with air‐firing condition. In addition, NO emission was reduced by 16.5% during combustion of PKS in oxy‐fuel environment as compared with air‐firing condition.

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Section: Nox Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study on combustion of torrefied palm kernel shell (PKS) in oxy‐fuel environment

et al. 2019

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“…This issue has motivated researchers to examine the feasibility of utilization of renewable fuels in utility and industrial furnaces. Biomass is an attractive renewable energy source [7][8][9][10][11]. Also, alternative fuels can be found in municipal/industrial recycling and waste streams.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of nano-carbons from different waste plastics and diverse catalysts

Wei¹

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Polymers have important and widespread applications in modern materials due to their excellent formability, chemical stability, light weight and low cost. Their production has increased exponentially over the last 60 years after their introduction to the markets from 1.5 million tons/year in 1950 to 322 million tons per year in 2015. Polymeric materials are often discarded after a single use, and post-consumer waste has become a very serious environmental problem, as it is no-biodegradable. Therefore, different recycling, reuse and, even upcycling methods for waste plastics have been investigated. This research aimed at systematically investigating the influence of the types of stainless steel catalysts and their pretreatment on the formation of nanotubes. The targeted polymer feedstocks were postconsumer polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) as pellets, clippings or powders. The polymers were pyrolyzed in an inert nitrogen atmosphere in an electrically heated furnace kept at 800 °C. Their effluent gases from this furnace, containing the gaseous pyrolyzates of the polymers, were then channeled to a separate electrically-heated furnace, were the catalyst substrates were heated to 800 °C. Therein synthesis of carbon nanotubes took place by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in nitrogen. The catalytic substrates used for the nanoparticle growth were T304, T316, and T316L stainless steel meshes. The substrates were used as received, or pretreated by acid wash and/or heat-treated in air or in nitrogen at 800 °C. The produced nanomaterials were characterized by the use of SEM and TEM.

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“…Renewable biomass has advantages of near-zero net CO2 emission, as it absorbs carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide while it grows and then it returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere when it is burned; and this creates a closed-loop carbon cycle. However, biomass has some disadvantages as fuel (low calorific value, high moisture content, low grindability, high biodegradability, high emissions of acid gases, and smoking during combustion) [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the combustion of torrefied biomass

Tarakcioglu¹

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This thesis examines observations on the combustion of different types of torrefied biomass. The targeted biomass types were waste crop, herbaceous, and woody; they included Corn straw, DDGS, Rice husk, Miscanthus, Bagasse, and Beechwood. Combustion of renewable biomass is of technological interest because it is considered to be nearly carbon-neutral. Furthermore, torrefaction of biomass improves the raw biomass properties and makes more "coal-like".Torrefied biomass has lower volatile matter content, higher fixed carbon content and higher energy content than raw biomass. It is also having low moisture content and it is less biodegradable. In this work, all biomass samples were torrefied at T= 275 °C for half an hour in nitrogen. Thereafter, torrefied biomass was size classified by sieving to obtain size cuts of (75-90) µm, (180-212) µm, (180-212) µm, (212-300) µm, (300-350) µm, (350-500) µm. The experimental setup that was used in this investigation consisted of an electrically-heated drop-tube furnace, operated at wall temperature 1400 K. A three-color pyrometer was interfaced with the furnace and a high-speed high-resolution camera, to record the entire luminous particle combustion profiles of individual particles.As identification of the maximum biomass particle size for combustion in an existing boiler is important, this work observed the time-temperature profiles of the aforementioned particle size and contrasted them to those of typically-used coal particles. It was forward that torrefied biomass particles in the size range of 212−300 μm burned in similar times as those of 75-90 μm coal.

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Emissions of SO2, NOx, CO2, and HCl from Co-firing of coals with raw and torrefied biomass fuels

Cited by 182 publications

References 79 publications

Experimental study on combustion of torrefied palm kernel shell (PKS) in oxy‐fuel environment

Experimental study on combustion of torrefied palm kernel shell (PKS) in oxy‐fuel environment

Synthesis of nano-carbons from different waste plastics and diverse catalysts

Observations on the combustion of torrefied biomass

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