Emissive Charge‐Transfer States at Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Heterojunctions Enable Low Non‐Radiative Recombination and High‐Performance Photodetectors

Eisner, Flurin; Foot, Georgie; Yan, Jun; Azzouzi, Mohammed; Georgiadou, Dimitra G.; Sit, Wai Yu; Firdaus, Yuliar; Zhang, Guichuan; Lin, Yen‐Hung; Yip, Hin‐Lap; Anthopoulos, Thomas D.; Nelson, Jenny

doi:10.1002/adma.202104654

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…This was not only due to the high Vloss, associated with the misaligned energy levels, but also related to the low Jsc caused by high quantum efficiency (QE) losses in the device. In addition, the low external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence (EQEEL), causing high nonradiative recombination voltage losses (∆Vnr), further limits the Voc of the P3HT:NFA OSCs 22,29,31,32 . Although additional acceptor materials, such as IDTBR 33 , BTA1 26 , and TrBTIC 23 , have been developed for the solar cells based on P3HT, allowing to achieve increased device QE, the overall performance of the P3HT based OSCs is still much worse, as compared to that of the state-of-the-art OSCs, due to the higher Vloss 6,9,34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Efficiency and Voltage Losses in P3HT: Non-fullerene Solar Cells

Xu¹,

Wu²,

Liang³

et al. 2022

Acta Physico Chimica Sinica

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From the industrial perspective, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the most attractive donor materials in organic photovoltaics. The large bandgap in P3HT makes it particularly promising for efficient indoor light harvesting, a unique advantage of organic photovoltaic (PV) devices, and this has started to gain considerable attention in the field of PV technology. In addition, the up-scalability and long material stability associated with the simple chemical structure make P3HT one of the most promising materials for the mass production of organic solar cells. However, the solar cells based on P3HT has a low power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is less than 11%, mainly due to significant voltage losses. In this study, we identified the origin of the high quantum efficiency and voltage losses in the P3HT:non-fullerene based solar cells, and we proposed a strategy to reduce the losses. More specifically, we observed that: 1) the non-radiative decay rate of the charge transfer (CT) states formed at the donor-acceptor interfaces was much higher for the P3HT:nonfullerene solar cells than that for the P3HT:fullerene solar cells, which was the main reason for the more severely limited photovoltage; 2) the origin of the high non-radiative decay rate in the P3HT:non-fullerene solar cell could be ascribed to the short packing distance between the P3HT and non-fullerene acceptor molecules at the donor-acceptor interfaces (DA distance), which is a rarely studied interfacial structural property, highly important in determining the decay rate of CT states; 3) the lower voltage loss in the state-of-the-art P3HT solar cell based on the 2,2'- ((12,13-bis(2-butyldecyl)-3,9diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]p-yrolo[3,2-g]thieno [2',3':4,5]thieno [3,2b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanelylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dion-e) (ZY-4Cl) acceptor could be associated with the better alignment of the energy levels of the active materials and the longer DA distance, compared to those based on the commonly used acceptors. However, the DA distance was still very short, limiting the device voltage. Thus, improving the performance of the P3HT based solar cells requires a further increase in the DA distance. Our findings are expected to pave the way for breaking the performance bottleneck of the P3HT based solar cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Efficiency and Voltage Losses in P3HT: Non-fullerene Solar Cells

Xu¹,

Wu²,

Liang³

et al. 2022

Acta Physico Chimica Sinica

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Section: Noise/detectivity Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 78–81 ] However, Eisner and coworkers recently used inorganic/organic hybrid junctions to realize a high‐performance NIR photodetector. [ 82 ] Unlike the typically explored metal oxide/organic heterojunctions, a range of less studied “copper thiocyanates (e.g., CuSCN, a p‐type inorganic semiconductor)/organic” hybrid heterojunctions are investigated to understand the charge generation mechanism ( Figure a). The normalized EL emission spectrum and normalised EQE spectrum of PEDOT:PSS/ 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2’,3’‐d’]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b’]dithiophene (ITIC) and CuSCN/ITIC heterojunctions are studied in detail.…”

Section: Manipulation Of Charge‐transfer Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Manipulation Of Charge‐transfer Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(c) Dark J-V characteristics and noise-spectral density of CuSCN/organic photodiode and d) D* of the CuSCN/organic photodiode. Reproduced under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License [82]. Copyright 2021, The authors, published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.…”

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Progress in Organic Photodiodes through Physical Process Insights

Chandran

Yan

2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Photodetectors are vital components in applications like health monitoring, [1] optical communication, [2] night vision, [3] surveillance, [4] motion detection, [5] collision avoidance systems for autonomous vehicles, etc. [6,7] Due to their mature fabrication technology, appreciable performance, robust stability, and high-level integration with existing electronics, crystalline inorganic semiconductors-based photodetectors remain the choice of photodetection technology. [8,9] However, these inorganic photodetectors (IPDs) are facing challenges in fitting into the new age flexible/ wearable devices due to their rigid/brittle nature. [10] The expensive and complicated manufacturing of IPD is also causing issues in realizing low-cost mass production. Being broadband absorbers, the use of color filters is a prerequisite in IPD for narrowband sensing. [11][12][13] Integration of color filters further complicates the device architecture and negatively affects pure color replication. Thus, scientific communities are in search of potential IPD alternatives that offer low-cost fabrication, high performance, stability, and favorable mechanical properties.Solution-processed photodetectors are potential alternatives to IPDs, primarily due to low-cost fabrication and attractive mechanical properties. [14][15][16] Photodetectors that can adhere to flexible, curved, and soft surfaces are in high demand due to their applications in human-activity monitoring and personal health care. [17][18][19] Organic photodetectors are the front runners in this segment and offer enormous advantages like tunable optoelectronic properties, [20] low-temperature/low-cost processing, [21] flexibility, [19] lightweight, [22] and biocompatibility. [23] Two terminal organic PDs have either photoconductor or photodiode architecture. [20] For photoconductors, organic semiconductor is sandwiched between two symmetrical contacts. Due to the carrier recirculation through symmetrical contacts, this device structure allows photoconductive gain >100%. [20] Photomultiplier (PM)-type organic photodetector with charge tunneling injection is also capable of producing gain. Recent efforts have realized novel broadband/narrowband PM-type organic photodetectors with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) values much higher than 100%. [24][25][26][27][28][29] However, as a result of carrier trapping, the response speed of PM organic photodetectors is relatively slow. [20] Depending upon the application, a compromise between gain and response speed is indeed needed. [30] The most common type of organic photodetector is an organic photodiode (OPD). A photodiode has a simple architecture in which an active layer is sandwiched between transparent and metal electrodes. [6,20,31] The structure and working principle are more like organic solar cells. [6] Though the photodiodes do not produce any gain effect, they exhibit low dark current density ( J d ), fast temporal response, and broad linear dynamic (LDR) range. [6] Intense research efforts in the past few years have tra...

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Optically Active MXenes in Van der Waals Heterostructures

Purbayanto,

Chandel,

Birowska

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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The vertical integration of distinct 2D materials in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures provides the opportunity for interface engineering and modulation of electronic as well as optical properties. However, scarce experimental studies reveal many challenges for vdW heterostructures, hampering the fine‐tuning of their electronic and optical functionalities. Optically active MXenes, the most recent member of the 2D family, with excellent hydrophilicity, rich surface chemistry, and intriguing optical properties, are a novel 2D platform for optoelectronics applications. Coupling MXenes with various 2D materials into vdW heterostructures can open new avenues for the exploration of physical phenomena of novel quantum‐confined nanostructures and devices. Therefore, the fundamental basis and recent findings in vertical vdW heterostructures composed of MXenes as a primary component and other 2D materials as secondary components are examined. Their robust designs and synthesis approaches that can push the boundaries of light‐harvesting, transition, and utilization are discussed, since MXenes provide a unique playground for pursuing an extraordinary optical response or unusual light conversion features/functionalities. The recent findings are finally summarized, and a perspective for the future development of next‐generation vdW multifunctional materials enriched by MXenes is provided.

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Emissive Charge‐Transfer States at Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Heterojunctions Enable Low Non‐Radiative Recombination and High‐Performance Photodetectors

Cited by 22 publications

References 86 publications

Quantum Efficiency and Voltage Losses in P3HT: Non-fullerene Solar Cells

Quantum Efficiency and Voltage Losses in P3HT: Non-fullerene Solar Cells

Progress in Organic Photodiodes through Physical Process Insights

Optically Active MXenes in Van der Waals Heterostructures

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