Emoticons and Illocutionary Force

Dresner, Eli; Herring, Susan C.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7131-4_8

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Secondly, most taxonomy studies are introspective, with no reference to corpus. Of course, some samples of emoji uses were collected, but were very limited in sample size and were only used as examples (e.g., Dresner & Herring, 2010, 2012, which provides an incomplete view of effects that emoji exerts on communication.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pragmatic functions of emoji in internet-based communication---a corpus-based study

Yang

2018

Asian. J. Second. Foreign. Lang. Educ.

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Emojis have been indispensable and efficient tools in online interaction with the booming Internet and dramatically fast emergence of electronic communication channels. The present research is to study the pragmatic functions of emoji in internet-based communication within the revised framework of Linguagem em (Dis) curso (special issue on relevance theory) 14:511-529, 2014 8-function taxonomy. A total of 10 volunteers (20-40 years) were invited to collect a 3000-word latest corpus from their most active Wechat group respectively. Forty-six types of emoji in a corpus of 34,047 words were classified into 7 functions: attitude/emotion signal, attitude/emotion intensity enhancer, illocutionary force modifier, humor, irony, turn taking/giving, and backchannel device. We found emoji use was of high frequency, 1908 times in the corpus of 34,047 words, mainly as emotion signifier (attitude/ emotion signal and attitude/emotion intensity enhancer, 50.8%) and interaction device (turn taking/giving, backchannel device and illocutionary force modifier, 47. 8%). The top 3 most frequent emojis were (thump-up)(477 times) (rose) (222 times) and (traditional Chinese way of greeting and thanks) (108 times), which were used in an exaggerative and generalized way, slightly different from people's preference of other countries. Additionally, positive emojis were used more often than negative ones. These findings suggested that emojis are of high frequency, functionality and efficiency in internet-based communication. Interestingly, online preference to emoji use does not perfectly mirror non-verbal signs in face-to-face communication; and in socio-emotional setting, people tend to frequently use positive emojis to create positive atmosphere to boost group rapport.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pragmatic functions of emoji in internet-based communication---a corpus-based study

Yang

2018

Asian. J. Second. Foreign. Lang. Educ.

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“…Emoticons Emoticons are iconic symbols that convey emotional information along with language use in online environments (Dresner and Herring, 2014). Emoticons have mostly been used in the context of sentiment analysis (e.g.…”

Section: Non-linguistic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Code-switching in Multilingual Communication for Immigrant Communities

Papalexakis¹,

Nguyen²,

Doğruöz³

2014

Proceedings of the First Workshop on Computational Approaches to Code Switching

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Immigrant communities host multilingual speakers who switch across languages and cultures in their daily communication practices. Although there are in-depth linguistic descriptions of code-switching across different multilingual communication settings, there is a need for automatic prediction of code-switching in large datasets. We use emoticons and multi-word expressions as novel features to predict code-switching in a large online discussion forum for the Turkish-Dutch immigrant community in the Netherlands. Our results indicate that multi-word expressions are powerful features to predict code-switching.

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“…They proposed three functions of emoticons; to indicate a positive gesture (especially when it is placed next to a signature at the end of formal emails), to express a sense of humour as well as to strengthen messages and certain speech acts. Dresner and Herring (2014) argued that there should not be any rigid interpretations concerning the function of emoticons and body language (specifically facial and body movements). They believe that the meanings expressed by gestures are not restricted to certain degree of emotion and always subject to change so as the ones illustrated through emoticons.…”

Section: Emoticons As Manifestations Of Speech Acts In the Online Commentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Written language has always been ambiguous due to the lack of intonation and facial expression. In the online communication environment, symbols or emoticons fulfill the need for body language in delivering hidden meaning and intention (Deacon 2011;Dresner and Herring (2014). They convey meaningful messages without lengthy elaboration, thus fulfill the need for speed and the need to be concise in online communication (Ross 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accentuating Illocutionary Forces: Emoticons as Speech Act Realization Strategies in a Multicultural Online Communication Environment

Shaari

2020

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The global acceptance of emoticons has acknowledged the development of digital symbols in a communication setting when language alone can become a barrier in expressing certain intentions and feelings. This paper discusses how emoticons help indicate the illocutionary forces in texts and serve as part of various conversation strategies in the online communication environment. To achieve the research objective, a documentation of naturally occurring conversations on Facebook was made over a 12-month period to compile daily updates and conversations posted by youngsters in Malaysia. 120 online users were identified using a purposive sampling technique. A corpus of 324 362 words was established and processed. This whole set of naturally occurring conversation was then analysed based on Searle's (1976) five categorisations of illocutionary acts using Content Analysis and Wordsmith Tools 5.0. The findings demonstrate some emoticons that accentuated illocutionary forces of speech acts in the online communication environment. Discussion of the findings also explores the purposes and functions of emoticons in Malaysian digital communication platform and the way users of a multicultural society employ emotion-symbols to achieve social cohesion and embrace cultural diversity.

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Emoticons and Illocutionary Force

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Pragmatic functions of emoji in internet-based communication---a corpus-based study

Pragmatic functions of emoji in internet-based communication---a corpus-based study

Predicting Code-switching in Multilingual Communication for Immigrant Communities

Accentuating Illocutionary Forces: Emoticons as Speech Act Realization Strategies in a Multicultural Online Communication Environment

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