Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex

Cardinal, Rudolf N.; Parkinson, John A.; Hall, Jérémy; Everitt, Barry J.

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00007-6

Cited by 1,890 publications

(1,643 citation statements)

References 281 publications

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“…Interestingly, in the present study, some dissociation between acquisition and reversal stages was apparent with respect to accumbal subdivisions; while the core portion was implicated in discrimination acquisition performance, activity in the shell portion was associated with reversal learning ability. Furthermore, consistent with the role of the OFC in encoding and updating associations between stimuli and reward values (Cardinal et al, 2002;Rolls, 1996Rolls, , 2000Rolls, , 2004Tremblay and Schultz, 1999;Winstanley et al, 2004), and the lesion studies that have shown the dependence of effective reversal learning upon the integrity of this region (Butter, 1969;Dias et al, 1996aDias et al, , 1997Ferry et al, 2000;Iversen and Mishkin, 1970;Jones and Mishkin, 1972;McAlonan and Brown, 2003;Schoenbaum et al, 2002), performance of the first reversal was associated with alterations in activity in the OFC. Although further investigation is required, these results therefore appear to lie in close accordance with those of several previous studies strongly implicating orbitofrontal striatal circuitry in the processes required to update affective associations and alter behavioral output accordingly when stimulus-reward associations change.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…With respect to acquisition stages, potential associations were detected between performance on both the CD and ID discriminations and alterations in IEG mRNA expression in the dorsolateral striatum and core portion of the nucleus accumbens, areas that are strongly implicated in stimulusreinforcement learning (Berridge and Robinson, 1998;Cardinal et al, 2002;Schoenbaum and Setlow, 2003). Interestingly, while this association was signaled by c-fos expression at the initial CD stage, performance-region associations at the later ID acquisition stage were signaled by alterations in ngfi-b expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Acute Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Deficits in Reversal Learning: Neural Correlates of Affective Inflexibility

Egerton

Brett

Pratt

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Despite concerns surrounding the possible adverse effects of marijuana on complex cognitive function, the processes contributing to the observed cognitive deficits are unclear, as are the causal relationships between these impairments and marijuana exposure. In particular, marijuana-related deficits in cognitive flexibility may affect the social functioning of the individual and may contribute to continued marijuana use. We therefore examined the ability of rats to perform affective and attentional shifts following acute administration of D 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive marijuana constituent. Administration of 1 mg/kg THC produced marked impairments in the ability to reverse previously relevant associations between stimulus features and reward presentation, while the ability to transfer attentional set between dimensional stimulus properties was unaffected. Concurrent in situ hybridization analysis of regional c-fos and ngfi-b expression highlighted areas of the prefrontal cortex and striatum that were recruited in response to both THC administration and task performance. Furthermore, the alterations in mRNA expression in the orbitofrontal cortex and striatum were associated with the ability to perform the reversal discriminations. These findings suggest that marijuana use may produce inelasticity in updating affective associations between stimuli and reinforcement value, and that this effect may arise through dysregulation of orbitofrontal and striatal circuitry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Deficits in Reversal Learning: Neural Correlates of Affective Inflexibility

Egerton

Brett

Pratt

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…A host of unanswered questions remain about how ascending DA projections and their forebrain targets contribute to aspects of reward processing [738,739]. For example, even within the context of DA systems, it is not clear whether increased and decreased reward-oriented motivation is a result of decreased or increased sensitivities of DA and associated systems [735,740].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings

Dichter

Damiano

Allen

2012

J Neurodevelop Disord

254

207

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This review summarizes evidence of dysregulated reward circuitry function in a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and genetic syndromes. First, the contribution of identifying a core mechanistic process across disparate disorders to disease classification is discussed, followed by a review of the neurobiology of reward circuitry. We next consider preclinical animal models and clinical evidence of reward-pathway dysfunction in a range of disorders, including psychiatric disorders (i.e., substance-use disorders, affective disorders, eating disorders, and obsessive compulsive disorders), neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette’s syndrome, conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder), and genetic syndromes (i.e., Fragile X syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, Williams syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Rett syndrome). We also provide brief overviews of effective psychopharmacologic agents that have an effect on the dopamine system in these disorders. This review concludes with methodological considerations for future research designed to more clearly probe reward-circuitry dysfunction, with the ultimate goal of improved intervention strategies.

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“…In particular, the nc. accumbens is taken to support the ability to work for delayed rewards (Cardinal et al, 2002). It is suggested that erroneous predictions function as a "teaching signal" for phasic changes in dopaminergic activity (Hollerman and Schultz, 1998;Schultz and Dickinson, 2000;Schultz, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting events of varying probability: uncertainty investigated by fMRI

Volz¹,

Schubotz²,

Cramon³

2003

NeuroImage

193

161

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Many everyday life predictions rely on the experience and memory of event frequencies, i.e., natural samplings. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural substrates of prediction under varying uncertainty based on a natural sampling approach. The study focused particularly on a comparison with other types of externally attributed uncertainty, such as guessing, and on the frontomedian cortex, which is known to be engaged in many types of decisions under uncertainty. On the basis of preceding stimulus cues, participants predicted events that occurred with probabilities ranging from p ϭ 0.6 to p ϭ 1.0. In contrast to certain predictions in a control task, predictions under uncertainty elicited activations within a posterior frontomedian area (mesial BA 8) and within a set of subcortical areas which are known to subserve dopaminergic modulations. The parametric analysis revealed that activation within the mesial BA 8 significantly increased with increasing uncertainty. A comparison with other types of uncertainty indicates that frontomedian correlates of frequency-based prediction appear to be comparable with those induced in long-term stimulus-response adaptation processes such as hypothesis testing, in contrast to those engaged in short-term error processing such as guessing.

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Emotion and motivation: the role of the amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex

Cited by 1,890 publications

References 281 publications

Acute Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Deficits in Reversal Learning: Neural Correlates of Affective Inflexibility

Acute Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Deficits in Reversal Learning: Neural Correlates of Affective Inflexibility

Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings

Predicting events of varying probability: uncertainty investigated by fMRI

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