Emotion Regulation: Current Status and Future Prospects

Gross, James J.

doi:10.1080/1047840x.2014.940781

Cited by 3,023 publications

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“…Indeed, attentional dyscontrol may potentiate (non)effortful dynamic shifts between hypervigilance, over-engagement, and avoidance in response to the emotionally evocative effects of repeated stimulus exposure (Bishop, 2008;Desimone & Duncan, 1995;Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007;Gross, 2015;Ochsner & Gross, 2005). Indeed, such cognitive impairments increase with multiple episodes of depression (Vanderhasselt & De Raedt, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias temporal dynamics in remitted depression.

Zvielli¹,

Vrijsen

Koster

et al. 2016

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Theory implicates attentional bias (AB) or dysregulated attentional processing of emotional information in the recurrence of major depressive episodes. However, empirical study of AB among remitted depressed patients is limited in scope and has yielded mixed findings. Mixed findings may be accounted for by how the field has conceptualized and thereby studied AB. We propose that a novel temporal dynamic process perspective on AB may help disambiguate extant findings and elucidate the nature of AB in remitted depression. Thus, we reexamined Dot Probe data among remitted depressed patients (RMD; n ϭ 328) and nondepressed controls (NDC; n ϭ 82) that previously yielded null effects when AB was quantified by means of the traditional aggregated mean bias score (Vrijsen et al., 2014). We reanalyzed data using a novel computational approach that extracts a series of bias estimations from trial to trial (Zvielli, Bernstein, & Koster, 2015). Key features of these dynamic process signals revealed moderate to excellent reliability relative to the traditional aggregated mean bias scores. These features of AB dynamics-specifically temporal variability in AB including AB toward and away from emotional stimuli-were significantly elevated among RMDs relative to NDCs. Moreover, among RMDs, a greater number of past depressive episodes were associated with elevation in these features of AB dynamics. Effects were not accounted for by residual depressive symptoms or social anxiety symptoms. Findings indicate that dysregulation in attentional processing of emotional information reflected in AB dynamics may be key to depression vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias temporal dynamics in remitted depression.

Zvielli¹,

Vrijsen

Koster

et al. 2016

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…As such in the current study we followed Roger's perspective and considered the following coping styles: emotional (feeling of being worthless, unimportant and overwhelmed by emotion), detached (feeling of being independent from the event and the emotion associated with it), rational (task oriented) and avoidant (physical and psychological avoidance). Although emotion regulation and coping may be difficult to distinguish and may somehow overlap, coping tends to focus on relieving stress responses (e.g., coping with infertility treatment over months) (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gross (20) reviewed numerous studies and stated that emotion regulation is currently a major topic throughout psychology in biological, developmental, social, personality, clinical and health areas.Thus recognizing emotion regulation mechanisms that allow a more adaptive way of dealing effectively with stressful life situations, such as infertility (a low-control stressor) and identifying individual differences in the way people cope with negative events, namely infertility, are important research topics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiential avoidance, self-compassion, self-judgment and coping styles in infertility

Cunha

Galhardo

Pinto‐Gouveia

2016

Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare

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Highlights-Infertile couples show higher scores of experiential avoidance and self-judgment.-Infertile women show higher maladaptive emotion regulation than their male partners.-Couples applying for adoption show higher scores of self-compassion.-Psychological interventions for infertile couples should target emotion regulation processes.-Contextual cognitive-behavioral therapies may be adequate for infertile patients. 1 Title: Experiential avoidance, self-compassion, self-judgment and coping styles in infertility AbstractObjectives: This study sought out to explore the existence of differences regarding emotion regulation processes (psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance, self-judgment and selfcompassion) and coping styles (emotional/detached, avoidant and rational) in three different groups of couples: 120 fertile couples (FG), 147 couples with an infertility diagnosis who were pursuing medical treatment for their fertility problem(s) (IG), and 59 couples with infertility applying for adoption (AG).Study design: Cross-sectional survey, using the couple as unit of analysis.Main outcome measures: Participants filled in paper-pencil questionnaires assessing coping styles, psychological inflexibility/experiential avoidance, self-judgment and self-compassion.Results: IG couples, and particularly women, tend to use more experiential avoidance and selfjudgment mechanisms and less emotional/detached coping style. When compared to FG couples, IG and AG couples tend to apply more avoidant coping strategies. AG couples showed higher self-compassion.Conclusions: Findings suggest that emotion regulation processes may be an important target in psychological interventions for patients dealing with infertility and with the demands of medical treatment.

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“…Emotion regulation is the set of processes by which we can change the occurrence, strength, and duration of negative or positive emotional reactions (Gross, 2015). Specifically, it is the enactment of a goal to modulate an emotion when that emotion is inconsistent with a desired state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, another threat to a concerned prosocial response is regulation of empathic affect resulting in apathy (Cameron and Payne, 2011). The current studies thus sought to examine the role of emotion regulatory appraisals in promoting prosocial helping behavior, first in a proof of concept test of an empathic emotion regulation task and then in an extension of this concept to extraordinary altruists.Emotion regulation is the set of processes by which we can change the occurrence, strength, and duration of negative or positive emotional reactions (Gross, 2015). Specifically, it is the enactment of a goal to modulate an emotion when that emotion is inconsistent with a desired state.…”

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confidence: 99%

Empathic emotion regulation in prosocial behavior and altruism

Brethel-Haurwitz¹,

Stoianova²,

Marsh³

2017

Preprint

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The regulation of emotion evoked in response to another's distress may be important for biasing an individual toward a concerned response rather than personal distress. But, another threat to a prosocial response is regulation of empathic affect resulting in apathy. The role of empathic emotion regulation in promoting prosocial motivation and costly donation behavior was tested across two studies, first in a community sample and then in a sample of altruistic kidney donors and matched controls. Participants engaged in hopeful and distancing reappraisals while viewing photos of others in distress, then decided how much money to donate to help.While hope was expected to evoke an approach motivation indexed by increased donations, distance was expected to evoke an avoidance motivation indexed by decreased donations. It was hypothesized that varying effects of the two reappraisals on positive and negative affect would influence donation decisions. Across both studies, both reappraisals decreased negative affect and the hopeful reappraisal additionally increased positive affect. While instructed reappraisal was found to affect donation behavior in the community sample, in which a hopeful reappraisal resulted in higher donations than a distancing reappraisal, effects of reappraisal in altruists and controls were limited with regard to donation outcomes, suggesting that altruists and controls may instead differ in interacting effects of negative and positive affect on donation behavior across conditions. Keywords: empathy, altruism, emotion regulationPrior research has highlighted that emotional processes can be automatically evoked in response to distressed and vulnerable others, particularly in highly altruistic individuals (Marsh et al., 2014;Brethel-Haurwitz et al., 2017;Brethel-Haurwitz et al., 2018). As reviewed by Vaish (2016), it is thought that our concerned responses to others are a result of not only these seemingly bottom-up emotional responses, but also top-down cognitive processes that can modulate the behavioral effect of such emotional responses, resulting in a "multidetermined concern." The influence of modulatory processes on emotions evoked in response to another's distress, particularly emotion regulatory processes, may be important for biasing an individual toward a concerned and compassionate response rather than personal distress (Batson et al., 1983;Batson et al., 1987;Eisenberg et al., 1989;Klimecki et al., 2014). However, another threat to a concerned prosocial response is regulation of empathic affect resulting in apathy (Cameron and Payne, 2011). The current studies thus sought to examine the role of emotion regulatory appraisals in promoting prosocial helping behavior, first in a proof of concept test of an empathic emotion regulation task and then in an extension of this concept to extraordinary altruists.Emotion regulation is the set of processes by which we can change the occurrence, strength, and duration of negative or positive emotional reactions (Gross, 2015). Specifically, i...

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Emotion Regulation: Current Status and Future Prospects

Cited by 3,023 publications

References 201 publications

Attentional bias temporal dynamics in remitted depression.

Attentional bias temporal dynamics in remitted depression.

Experiential avoidance, self-compassion, self-judgment and coping styles in infertility

Empathic emotion regulation in prosocial behavior and altruism

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