Emotional and Nonemotional Conflict Processing in Pediatric and Adult Anxiety Disorders

Gold, Andrea L.; Jarcho, Johanna M.; Rosen, Dana; Pine, Daniel S.; Ernst, Monique

doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0066

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Correlational evidence for the affect ► control link Some studies have suggested that sequential congruency effects are increased for participants with high anxiety (Booth & Peker, 2017;Larson, Clawson, Clayson, & Baldwin, 2013). However, this link between the sequential congruency effect and anxiety has not been replicated by others (A. L. Gold, Jarcho, Rosen, Pine, & Ernst, 2015;Krug & Carter, 2010;Osinsky, Alexander, Gebhardt, & Hennig, 2010;Osinsky, Gebhardt, Alexander, & Hennig, 2012). The results for mood disorders are also mixed.…”

Section: Conflict-triggered Affect Drives Control Adaptation-the Affementioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict monitoring and the affective-signaling hypothesis—An integrative review

et al. 2020

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Conflict-monitoring theory proposes that conflict between incompatible responses is registered by a dedicated monitoring system, and that this conflict signal triggers changes of attentional filters and adapts control processes according to the current task demands. Extending the conflict-monitoring theory, it has been suggested that conflict elicits a negative affective reaction, and that it is this affective signal that is monitored and then triggers control adaptation. This review article summarizes research on a potential signaling function of affect for cognitive control. First, we provide an overview of the conflict-monitoring theory, discuss neurophysiological and behavioral markers of monitoring and control adaptation, and introduce the affective-signaling hypothesis. In a second part, we review relevant studies that address the questions of (i) whether conflict elicits negative affect, (ii) whether negative affect is monitored, and (iii) whether affect modulates control. In sum, the reviewed literature supports the claim that conflict and errors trigger negative affect and provides some support for the claim that affect modulates control. However, studies on the monitoring of negative affect and the influence of phasic affect on control are ambiguous. On the basis of these findings, in a third part, we critically reassess the affective-signaling hypothesis, discuss relevant challenges to this account, and suggest future research strategies.

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Section: Conflict-triggered Affect Drives Control Adaptation-the Affementioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict monitoring and the affective-signaling hypothesis—An integrative review

et al. 2020

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“…Steinhauser et al (2016) found that the emotional conflict adaptation effect was only present if the previous response conflict was low; however, no overall effect was established. Jiang et al (2020), Hua et al (2021), Gold et al (2015), and Krug and Carter (2012) did not find a significant conflict adaptation effect in reaction time outcome measures. In contrast, Jarcho et al (2013), Irmen et al (2017), Chechko et al (2014), O.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…At any rate, multiple studies described their findings in the context to conflict resolution, despite not testing for it in their data. It is also important to note that—based on the systematic review—the effect appears to be only present in healthy participants but not in most tested clinical populations (e.g., Gold et al, 2015; Krug & Carter, 2012; Saunders & Jentzsch, 2014), which may explain why our previous work was unable to replicate the emotional conflict resolution effect using this task (Perini et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, conflict resolution demonstrated moderate (i.e., ICCs = .4) to poor reliability (ICCs = .03) for reaction time and accuracy. Similarly, Gold et al (2015) failed to replicate the differences in behavioral measures of conflict adaptation between youth and adults with and without anxiety disorders reported by prior studies (Etkin et al, 2006, 2010; Jarcho et al, 2013). A recent attempt by our own group to replicate the conflict resolution effect was not successful, despite the congruency effect being large (Perini et al, 2023).…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Jiang et al (2020),Hua et al (2021),Gold et al (2015), andKrug and Carter (2012) did not find a significant conflict adaptation effect in reaction time outcome measures. In contrast, Jarcho et al (2013), Irmen et al (2017), Chechko et al (2014), O. J. Robinson et al (2011), A. Robinson et al (2015), Favre et al (2015), Maier and di Pellegrino (2012), Kar et al (2018), and Jeong and Cho (2021) reported a significant emotional conflict adaptation (resolution for Favre et al and Jeong and Cho) effect in behavioral response time data, however, Jeong and Cho only found this effect in low anxiety individuals in a safe context.…”

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confidence: 71%

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Examining the reliability of the emotional conflict resolution and adaptation effects in the emotional conflict task via secondary data analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

Yin,

Wang,

Lipp

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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The emotional conflict task measures emotional conflict resolution and adaptation, but some studies are unable to find resolution or adaptation effects using this task. We examined boundary conditions and replicability of the emotional conflict resolution and adaptation effects through secondary data analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis of studies in the field. In our data, we were unable to fully replicate the emotional conflict resolution or adaptation effects and found that most studies using this task (n = 94) do not report analysis of emotional conflict resolution, with only 28% (n = 26) studies doing so. Our meta-analysis suggests that studies reporting emotional conflict resolution and adaptation analyses overall report significant but small effects, suggesting the effect is difficult to consistently replicate. Our meta-analysis revealed that controlling for contingency learning may impact the ability of studies to identify conflict resolution. These findings have implications for assessment and interpretation of the emotional conflict task. Public Significance StatementThis work tests whether commonly used experimental procedures (the emotional conflict task) can measure complex features of human emotion accurately. Since many treatments, diagnostic tools, and beliefs about human psychology are developed based on basic psychology research, knowing whether the paradigms that we use to measure human emotion are valid is critical to creating reliable knowledge about the human condition. This work extends our knowledge of the emotional conflict task to better understand the situations where it can be validly used within psychological research.

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Reduced accuracy accompanied by reduced neural activity during the performance of an emotional conflict task by unmedicated patients with major depression: A CAN-BIND fMRI study

Alders

Davis

MacQueen

et al. 2019

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Emotional and Nonemotional Conflict Processing in Pediatric and Adult Anxiety Disorders

Abstract: The current study of youth and adults did not replicate prior behavioral findings of failure to engage conflict adaptation in anxiety disorders. Therefore, more work is needed before widely adopting conflict adaptation paradigms as a standard neurocognitive marker for anxiety disorders.

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Conflict monitoring and the affective-signaling hypothesis—An integrative review

Conflict monitoring and the affective-signaling hypothesis—An integrative review

Examining the reliability of the emotional conflict resolution and adaptation effects in the emotional conflict task via secondary data analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

Reduced accuracy accompanied by reduced neural activity during the performance of an emotional conflict task by unmedicated patients with major depression: A CAN-BIND fMRI study

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