Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Regulation Strategies as Predictors of Social Behavior with Peers During Toddlerhood

Calkins, Susan D.; Gill, Kathryn; Johnson, Mary C.; Smith, C. R.

doi:10.1111/1467-9507.00098

Cited by 198 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although the developmental literature does not tend to use self-report measures to assess personality, it has been suggested that effortful control is an important precursor to adult levels of trait agreeableness (Ahadi & Rothbart, 1994;Cumberland-Li, Eisenberg, & Reiser, 2004;Kochanska & Knaack, 2003). This suggestion is consistent with data indicating that both effortful control (Calkins, Gill, Johnson, & Smith, 1999) and agreeableness (Martin, Watson, & Wan, 2000) are inversely related to anger and aggression.If effortful control is a substantial precursor of agreeableness, then the developmental literature makes some other points that deserve more systematic attention. First, the construct of effortful control is broader than that of anger-control, encouraging a more extensive conceptualization of agreeableness as self-regulation.…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

Ode

Robinson

2007

Personality and Individual Differences

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In the temperament literature, agreeableness has been theoretically linked to effortful control. Further, research in this area has suggested that effortful control may play a broad role in moderating temperament-based tendencies toward negative affect. The present three studies, involving a total of 300 undergraduate participants, sought to extend this perspective to the adult literature by examining potential interactions between agreeableness and neuroticism in predicting reported somatic symptoms. Although such symptoms have been linked to neuroticism, they are not characteristic of the interpersonal concerns linked to agreeableness. Nevertheless, all studies found that agreeableness and neuroticism interacted to predict somatic symptoms such that high levels of agreeableness decoupled the relationship between neuroticism and somatic distress. These findings indicate a broad role for agreeableness in the self-regulation of neuroticism-linked distress. KeywordsAgreeableness; Neuroticism; Somatic Symptoms; Self-Regulation; Effortful Control Agreeableness is often viewed in terms of its interpersonal correlates. Experience-sampling studies have found that, in comparison to disagreeable individuals, agreeable individuals generally engage in less quarrelsome behavior and more cooperative behavior in daily life (Moskowitz, 1994). In terms of the social cognitive basis of agreeableness, this trait dimension has been associated with less perceived interpersonal conflict in laboratory interaction paradigms (Graziano, Jensen-Campbell, & Hair, 1996) and agreeable individuals exhibit a preference for more socially adaptive modes of conflict resolution (Graziano et al., 1996;Jensen-Campbell & Graziano, 2001).In addition, we suggest that agreeableness may also tap broad tendencies toward effortful control in domains that are less tied to interpersonal outcomes. Consistent with this perspective, Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone (2004) report a relationship between agreeableness and a dispositional self-control measure assessing the ability to override intrapsychic urges, such as those related to overeating or laziness. Furthermore, Jensen-Campbell et al. (2002) found that agreeableness was associated with smaller Stroop-interference effects, suggesting superior abilities to inhibit cognitive conflicts. These findings, although modest in number, areCorrespondence can be sent to Scott Ode, Psychology Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. Internet correspondence can be sent to E-mail: Scott.Ode@ndsu.edu (phone: 701-231-5486; fax: 701-231-8426). Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers ...

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supporting

confidence: 56%

Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

Ode

Robinson

2007

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…Las estrategias basadas en el cambio de atención como distraerse, auto calmarse y buscar consuelo, dirigen la atención del niño lejos de la fuente del estrés y se asocian con menor malestar emocional (Buss & Goldsmith 1998;Calkins, Gill, Johnson & Smith. 1999;Grolnick, Bridges & Connell, 1996).…”

Section: International Journal Of Psychological Researchunclassified

“…En contraste, cuando las madres utilizaron la estrategia activa de distracción, los niños fueron capaces de redireccionar su atención y disminuir la intensidad de la reacción emocional, hallazgo acorde a los resultados de otros investigadores (Buss & Goldsmith 1998;Calkins, Gill, Johnson & Smith. 1999;Grolnick et al, 1996), quienes señalan que las estrategias de las madres basadas en la distracción, permiten a los niños enfocar su atención lejos de la fuente de estrés contribuyendo a disminuir la intensidad del malestar emocional.…”

Section: Regulación Maternal Y Esfuerzo De Controlunclassified

Regulación materna y esfuerzo de control emocional en niños pequeños

Ancona

Cabrero²,

Lena

et al. 2013

Int. j. psychol. res.

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Key Words:Emotional regulation, self-regulation, effortful control, emotional response, maternal behavior.Effortful control is a regulatory component of emotion (Calkins & Hill, 2007). This descriptive study analyzed the relation between maternal co-regulation strategies and children self-regulation strategies in order to evaluate their effortful control skills. 19 dyads [mother-child] with children between 18 and 36 months old participated and were divided in three groups, the sample was taken from government´s nurseries. A transversal study with direct observation of the experimental situation was executed. Every dyad was recorded twice, the observed strategies were encoded and a high reliability (α=.86) was gotten. No significant statistical differences were found among the groups (X2= 26), but co-relations showed that maternal and child strategies changed in function of the age. Older children used preferably active attention strategies related with a higher effortful control that were linked with maternal strategies promoting autonomy.

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“…Esta última habilidade pode favorecer o controle de emoções negativas pelas crianças em situações de conflito com pares, evitando interações agressivas. Pesquisas anteriores já haviam demonstrado uma relação negativa entre a utilização de estratégias de regulação de emoções e a freqüência de comportamentos agressivos (Calkins, Gill, Johnson, & Smith, 1999).…”

Section: Inteligência Emocional Aceitação Social E Atributos Comportunclassified

Compreensão de emoções, aceitação social e avaliação de atributos comportamentais em crianças escolares

Pavarini¹,

Loureiro²,

Souza³

2011

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoDiversos pesquisadores do campo de estudos sobre teoria da mente têm investigado a relação entre compreensão de emoções e interação social. Seguindo essa linha de investigação, o presente estudo explorou a relação entre compreensão emocional, aceitação social e avaliação de atributos comportamentais pelos pares. Cinquenta e duas crianças escolares responderam a um teste de inteligência emocional e a dois testes de avaliação sociométrica. Não foi encontrada uma correlação entre a compreensão emocional e a aceitação social, porém uma correlação negativa entre a compreensão emocional e a avaliação de atributos ligados à agressividade/disruptividade foi observada. Esses resultados sugerem que o conhecimento de diferentes emoções e de estratégias de regulação emocional podem tornar as crianças menos propensas à agressividade reativa. Palavras-chave: Compreensão de emoções; Aceitação social; Atributos comportamentais; Teoria da mente; Competência social. AbstractSeveral researchers in the theory of mind field have been investigating the relation between emotion understanding and social interaction. Following this line of investigation, the present study explored the relation between emotion understanding, social acceptance and evaluation of behavioral attributes by peers. Fifty-two school-aged children were administered an emotional intelligence test and two instruments of sociometric evaluation. A correlation between emotion understanding and social acceptance was not found, however, a negative correlation between emotion understanding and the evaluation of behavioral attributes related to aggressiveness/disruptivity was observed. The results suggest that the knowledge of different emotions and of emotion regulation strategies may make children less prone to reactive aggressiveness. Keywords: Emotion understanding; Social acceptance; Behavioral attributes; Theory of mind; Social competence.As diferenças individuais no desenvolvimento de uma teoria da mente têm sido relacionadas a diversos aspectos do desenvolvimento social. A aquisição de uma teoria da mente relaciona-se positivamente à habilidade de brincar de forma cooperativa (Astington, 2003), a habilidades de interação social (Watson, Nixon, Wilson, & Capage, 1999), a uma percepção positiva das experiên-cias sociais na escola (Dunn, 1995), ao engajamento em brincadeiras de faz-de-conta (Astington & Jenkins, 1999) e a variáveis familiares, como habilidades para lidar com conflitos com irmãos (Foote & Holmes-Lonergan, 2003).A compreensão dos estados mentais e respostas emocionais de outros indivíduos desempenha, portanto, um papel essencial na qualidade das relações interpessoais. Por outro lado, o desenvolvimento da teoria da mente parece ser influenciado justamente por essas relações interpessoais, mais especificamente, pelo engajamento das crianças em conversas envolvendo estados mentais (Brown, Donnelan-Maccall, & Dunn, 1996

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Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Regulation Strategies as Predictors of Social Behavior with Peers During Toddlerhood

Cited by 198 publications

References 32 publications

Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

Regulación materna y esfuerzo de control emocional en niños pequeños

Compreensão de emoções, aceitação social e avaliação de atributos comportamentais em crianças escolares

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