Emotional response patterns and sense of presence during video games

Ravaja, Niklas; Salminen, Matti; Holopainen, Jussi; Saari, Timo; Laarni, Jari; Järvinen, Aki

doi:10.1145/1028014.1028068

Cited by 99 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Since the rise of the internet in the mid 1990s, however, mental health research has turned increasingly toward the computer-as-conduit model, in which processing power is harnessed precisely to transmit facilitator and user communications. Recent studies have concentrated on technical and cognitive requirements for creating the illusion of virtual therapist presence (Riva et al, 2002) or immersive user presence in a virtual world (Ravaja et al, 2004). Improved graphics and processing speed enable real-time animation of on-screen interlocutors, allowing users to interact with the inhabitants of projected narrative worlds both verbally and physically (e.g.…”

Section: Online Revolution: Changing Horizons For Therapeutic Video Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Video Game Therapy for Mental Health Concerns: A Review

Wilkinson

Ang

Goh

2008

Int J Soc Psychiatry

171

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Background: There has been research on the use of offl ine video games for therapeutic purposes but online video game therapy is still fairly under-researched. Online therapeutic interventions have only recently included a gaming component. Hence, this review represents a timely fi rst step toward taking advantage of these recent technological and cultural innovations, particularly for the treatment of special-needs groups such as the young, the elderly and people with various conditions such as ADHD, anxiety and autism spectrum disorders. Material: A review integrating research fi ndings on two technological advances was conducted: the home computer boom of the 1980s, which triggered a fl ood of research on therapeutic video games for the treatment of various mental health conditions; and the rise of the internet in the 1990s, which caused computers to be seen as conduits for therapeutic interaction rather than replacements for the therapist. Discussion: We discuss how video games and the internet can now be combined in therapeutic interventions, as attested by a consideration of pioneering studies. Conclusion: Future research into online video game therapy for mental health concerns might focus on two broad types of game: simple society games, which are accessible and enjoyable to players of all ages, and online worlds, which offer a unique opportunity for narrative content and immersive remote interaction with therapists and fellow patients. Both genres might be used for assessment and training purposes, and provide an unlimited platform for social interaction. The mental health community can benefi t from more collaborative efforts between therapists and engineers, making such innovations a reality.

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Section: Online Revolution: Changing Horizons For Therapeutic Video Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Video Game Therapy for Mental Health Concerns: A Review

Wilkinson

Ang

Goh

2008

Int J Soc Psychiatry

171

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“…Reports of cyber sickness symptoms have been significantly correlated with immersive tendencies independently of the game played (Ling, et al, 2013). Research has also found that emotional responses and game engagement varies according to personality traits (e.g., sensation seeking) (Ravaja et al, 2004). …”

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confidence: 99%

An empirical examination of factors associated with Game Transfer Phenomena severity

Gortari

Oldfield

Griffiths

2016

Computers in Human Behavior

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Game Transfer Phenomena (GTP) (i.e. altered perceptions, spontaneous thoughts and behaviors with game content) occur on a continuum from mild to severe. This study examined the differences between mild, moderate and severe levels of GTP. A total of 2,362 gamers' participated in an online survey. The majority of gamers experienced mild levels of GTP. The factors significantly associated with severe levels of GTP were: (i) being students,(ii) being aged 18 to 22, (iii) being professional gamers, (iv) playing videogames every day in sessions of 6 hours or more, (iv) playing to escape from the real world, (v) recalling dreams always or very often, (vi) having a sleep disorder, mental disorder or reported dysfunctional gaming, and (vii) having experienced distress or dysfunction due to GTP. In addition, having used drugs and experiencing flashbacks as side-effects of drug use were significantly less likely to be reported by those with mild levels of GTP. In general, the findings suggest that those with higher levels of GTP share characteristics with profiles of gamers with dysfunctional gaming (e.g., problematic and/or addictive gaming).Keywords: Game Transfer Phenomena; excessive gaming; dysfunctional gaming; gaming addiction; psychiatric comorbidity; escapism IntroductionUnderstanding the effects virtual immersion has on the individual has been at the core of numerous studies concerning the effects of videogame playing. These studies have been conducted to either identify individuals 'at risk' to aversive effects of playing games or to identify which individuals get the most benefits from therapeutic interventions using virtual reality (Ling, Nefs, Brinkman, Qu, & Heynderickx, 2013). Other studies have attempted to distinguish between problematic and non-problematic gamers who invest substantial amounts of time playing (Király, Urbán, Griffiths et al., 2015;Pontes, Király, Demetrovics & Griffiths, 2014). For instance, brain differences such as variations in grey matter volume in the left anterior cingulate gyrus have been reported between pathological gamers and professional gamers. Disrupting functions in the anterior cingulate may affect individuals competence to monitor and inhibit improper behavior (Han, Lyoo, & Renshaw, 2012). It has also been demonstrated that problematic gaming leads to negative outcomes as a consequence of excessive videogame play (e.g., social problems, relationship problems, occupational problems, educational problems, etc.) and sleep disturbances (e.g., daytime sleepiness, insomnia) (Achab et al., 2011;Fossum, Nordnes, Storemark, Bjorvatn, & Pallesen, 2014;Lam, 2014;Van Rooij, Kuss, Shorter, Schoenmakers, & Van de Mheen, 2014). Such players may also have comorbid psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression, substance use, ADHD, etc.) (Ferguson, Coulson, & Barnett, 2011;Gentile et al., 2011;Király et al., 2015;Kuss & Griffiths, 2012;Walther, Morgenstern, & Hanewinkel, 2012), and specific personality traits (e.g., neuroticism, schizoid traits, lower self-control, etc.) (Alliso...

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“…However, negative experiences such as frustration or tension (Gilleade and Dix, 2004) indisputably contribute to the challenge of a game and are presumably essential in order for the overall game experience to work. Consequently, a lot of successful games are designed to gradually evolve from negative emotions in the face of challenge to positive emotional experiences, such as fl ow, when the skills are in balance, and the challenge is overcome (Keeker et al, 2004;Ravaja et al, 2004). In a similar vein, Bryant and Davis (2006) have argued that gamers strive to maximize their pleasure, which often inevitably includes that they sacrifi ce immediate gratifi cation for the greater enjoyment that awaits them as soon as they master the next level.…”

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confidence: 99%