Emotional Stroop interference in trauma-exposed individuals: A contrast between two accounts

Caparos, Serge; Blanchette, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.06.009

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Trauma fits within this model, as those exposed to TLEs often disproportionately allocate attention to threatening stimuli, which consequently could lead to incorrect inferences in line with paranoid ideation (Sherrer, 2011). These biases in information processing, measured behaviorally (e.g., Emotional Stroop task) or neurophysiologically (e.g., EEG), have been found in traumatized (Caparos & Blanchette, 2014; Wingenfeld et al, 2011), psychotic disordered (Bendall et al, 2013b; Besnier et al, 2010; Kinderman, Prince, Waller, & Peters, 2003; Wiffen et al, 2013), CHR (Rosier et al, 2013; Nieman et al, 2014), and subclinical psychosis samples (Fisher et al, 2014b; Marks, Steel, & Peters, 2012). These populations have been found to have longer reaction times for threatening words, suggesting a general attention bias towards threatening stimuli (Bendall et al, 2013b; Cisler et al, 2011; Wiffen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Proposed Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Trauma and the psychosis spectrum: A review of symptom specificity and explanatory mechanisms

Gibson

Alloy

Ellman

2016

Clinical Psychology Review

160

136

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Traumatic life events have been robustly associated with various psychosis outcomes, including increased risk of psychotic disorders, the prodrome of psychosis, and dimensional measures of psychotic symptoms, such as attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. However, trauma exposure has been linked to various mental disorders; therefore, the specificity of trauma exposure to psychosis remains unclear. This review focuses on two understudied areas of the trauma and psychosis literature: 1) the specificity between trauma and psychosis in relation to other disorders that often result post-trauma, and 2) proposed mechanisms that uniquely link trauma to psychosis. We begin by discussing the underlying connection between trauma exposure and the entire psychosis spectrum with a focus on the influence of trauma type and specific psychotic symptoms. We then consider how the principles of multifinality and equifinality can be useful in elucidating the trauma-psychosis relationship versus the trauma-other disorder relationship. Next, we discuss several cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms that might uniquely account for the association between trauma and psychosis, as well as the role of gender. Lastly, we review important methodological issues that complicate the research on trauma and psychosis, ending with clinical implications for the field.

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Section: Proposed Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Trauma and the psychosis spectrum: A review of symptom specificity and explanatory mechanisms

Gibson

Alloy

Ellman

2016

Clinical Psychology Review

160

136

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“…Total score ranged from 0 to 10, where a higher score represented a better olfactory function. 29 , the words were divided into three groups, containing neutral words (NEU), positive words (POS) and negative words (NEG) from scrutinized Chinese thesaurus 30 . Each group contained 20 words.…”

Section: Evaluation Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between olfactory function and inhibition of emotional competing distractors in major depressive disorder

Wang

Jin

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We aimed to investigate the changes of olfaction of major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after medical treatment, and to preliminarily scrutinize the association between the olfactory function and the severity of depressive symptoms, response inhibition, and emotional responding. Forty-eight medicine-naïve MDD patients plus 33 healthy controls (HC) matched on gender, ages, and level of education, were recruited in the test group. The Chinese Smell Identification Test (CSIT), Self-reported Olfactory Scale (SROS), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and mean reaction time/accuracy rate (ΔMRt) of emotional Stroop test were measured. The patients were assessed before the treatment (baseline) and 3 months after the treatment (follow-up). The data at the baseline level were measured then associated using multiple linear regression stepwise analysis. The MDD patients had lower scores of the CSIT and SROS and longer ΔMRt at baseline level compared to Hc while the ΔMRt of MDD patients remained longer after 3-month treatment (p's < 0.05). At the baseline level, the regression equation including age and ΔMRt of negative word-color congruent (NEG-C), was finally observed as follows: y(CSIT) = 10.676-0.063 × 1-0.002 × 2, [x 1 = the age(y), x 2 = the NEG-C (ms)]. The olfactory function of MDD appears to be correlated negatively with the age and the ΔMRT of negative stimuli before treatment. After the remission of MDD, the olfactory dysfunction was improved, which might be regarded as a responding phenotype of brain function of MDD rather than the emotional responding. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and olfaction disorder (OD) are both chronic diseases that affect human being's life quality 1. A systematic review on ten studies chosen for using the Sniffin' Sticks Test and the 40-item Smell Identification Test assessed to reveal the relationship between depression and OD. Results show that both of the olfactory threshold, olfactory discrimination, and olfactory identification were influenced by depression 2. Furthermore, symptoms of depression worsen with the severity of olfactory loss 3. It was demonstrated that olfactory bulbectomy, as a well-known method, could induce an animal model of depression in animal experiment 4. In depression-related brain areas including hippocampus, frontal cortex and hypothalamus, the turnover of serotonin and dopamine decreases in the olfactory bulbectomized rats 5. Similarly, in human studies, Cory et al. 6 found that patients with depression have decreased activities in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) accompanied with the defect of the olfactory identification. However, Zucco et al. 7 argued that the changes mentioned above occur in patients with the MDD only, not with the mild or moderate depressive disorder. In the neural circuits involved in emotional processing 8 , these key structures such as amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) and OFC, are the imperative functional regions of the human olfactory map...

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“…La prueba de Stroop emocional ha sido utilizada para el estudio de los procesos preatencionales en trastornos de ansiedad y depresión (v.g. Başgöze, Gönül, Baskak, & Gökçay, 2015;Caparos & Blanchette, 2014;Dresler et al, 2012;Gantiva et al, 2012), y de otras problemáticas como trastornos adictivos o dismórficos corporales (v.g. Jiang, Zhao, & Le, 2017;Toh, Castle, & Rossell, 2017), algunas de ellas en versión computarizada, para controlar errores en la precisión de la medida y los relativos a la administración del instrumento.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Propiedades psicométricas de un Stroop emocional computarizado para evaluar vulnerabilidad cognitiva

et al. 2017

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Emotional Stroop interference in trauma-exposed individuals: A contrast between two accounts

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Trauma and the psychosis spectrum: A review of symptom specificity and explanatory mechanisms

Trauma and the psychosis spectrum: A review of symptom specificity and explanatory mechanisms

Association between olfactory function and inhibition of emotional competing distractors in major depressive disorder

Propiedades psicométricas de un Stroop emocional computarizado para evaluar vulnerabilidad cognitiva

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