Emotions and cognitive control: A comparison of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Sollier-Guillery, Murielle; Fortier, Alexandra; Dondaine, Thibaut; Batail, Jean-Marie; Robert, Guillaume; Drapier, Dominique; Lacroix, Agnès

doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100251

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Analogous to the current cognitive task, previous literature found overall slower response times for patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. 30 , 31 Nevertheless, our results give additional evidence in the context of a within-task comparison, in which differences between patients and controls in the cognitive task appear to be smaller than those found in the emotional task. One possible explanation for the longer response times in patients with schizophrenia might be related to proactive versus reactive modes of cognitive control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Cognitive versus emotional modulation within a Stroop paradigm in patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2023

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Background Schizophrenia is a complex disorder involving deficits in both cognitive and emotional processes. Specifically, a marked deficit in cognitive control has been found, which seems to increase when dealing with emotional information. Aims With the aim of exploring the possible common links behind cognitive and emotional deficits, two versions of the emotional Stroop task were administered. Method In the cognitive-emotional task, participants had to name the ink colour (while ignoring the meaning) of emotional words. In contrast, the emotional-emotional task consisted of emotional words superimposed on emotional faces, and the participants had to indicate the emotional valence of the faces. Fifty-eight participants (29 in-patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 29 controls) took part in the study. Results Patients and controls showed similar response times in the cognitive-emotional task; however, patients were significantly slower than controls in the emotional-emotional task. This result supports the idea that patients show a more pronounced impairment in conflict modulation with emotional content. Besides, no significant correlations between the tasks and positive or negative symptoms were found. This would indicate that deficits are relatively independent of the clinical status of patients. However, a significant correlation between the emotional-emotional task and cognitive symptoms was found. Conclusions These findings suggest a restricted capacity of patients with schizophrenia to deal with the attentional demands arising from emotional stimuli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Cognitive versus emotional modulation within a Stroop paradigm in patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2023

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“…Last, future research may focus on elucidating the role of cognitive control biases as transdiagnostic versus disorder-specific risk factors for psychopathology. Although the current meta-analysis focused on depression-related cognitive control biases, cognitive control of emotional material has been investigated in most other major diagnostic groups, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder, as well as nonsuicidal self-injury (e.g., Allen & Hooley, 2015; Bannon et al, 2008; Hallion et al, 2019; Krakowski et al, 2016; Sollier-Guillery et al, 2021; van Rooij & Jovanovic, 2019; Wolkenstein et al, 2017). These investigations have generally found impairments in clinical samples relative to control samples on cognitive control tasks that use emotional stimuli but have varied on whether they distinguished and/or found evidence of valence-specific biases, reflected by between-groups differences in the within-group valence-specific biases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive control biases in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Quigley¹,

Thiruchselvam²,

Quilty³

2022

Psychological Bulletin

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Cognitive theories of depression propose that impaired cognitive control of emotional material may be involved in the onset, maintenance, and/or recurrence of depression. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on cognitive control biases in depression. Seventy-three articles describing 77 independent studies (N = 4,134 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Depression-vulnerable individuals, including individuals with diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD), remitted MDD (rMDD), and dysphoria, showed significantly impaired cognitive control of negative stimuli relative to both neutral and positive stimuli. Control samples did not exhibit the aforementioned biases, and instead showed significantly worse cognitive control of positive stimuli relative to negative stimuli and similar cognitive control of neutral stimuli relative to both negative and positive stimuli. Evidence for sample or methodological moderators of effect sizes was limited and inconsistent. Based on our review, we recommend that researchers assess and examine directional and causal relationships between multiple cognitive control biases (especially in updating and set shifting), investigate the causal relationships between general deficits and biases in cognitive control, select tasks that control for nontarget influences on performance (e.g., processing speed), use sample sizes adequately powered to detect small effects, provide psychometric information on task indices, consistently report within-groups biases and between-groups comparisons of biases, and examine potential moderators of cognitive control biases at the individual level.

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“…Particularly, the schizophrenia-bipolar disorder comparison is of foremost importance given their genetic, cognitive, and perceptual similarities (Addington & Addington, 1997;Tamminga et al, 2014;The International Schizophrenia Consortium, 2009). A recent study using the emotional Stroop task showed that, while SSD patients are slower than HC regardless of valence, bipolar patients are slower than HC in negative valence only (i.e., pseudowords previously associated with angry faces) (Sollier-Guillery et al, 2021). Social cognitive domains also seem to be differently affected in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (Bora & Pantelis, 2016).…”

Section: Limitations and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional interference and attentional control in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: The special case of neutral faces

Grave¹,

Madeira²,

Morais³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) are characterized by impaired emotion processing. Moreover, individuals with SSD seem to be highly sensitive to the presence of emotional distractors. Yet, no study has investigated whether perceptual load can modulate this emotional interference in SSD. Our goal was to investigate whether task-irrelevant faces would capture exogenous attention to a greater extent in SSD, and whether this effect would be dependent on facial expression and perceptual load. Twenty-two individuals with SSD and 22 healthy controls (HC) performed a target-letter discrimination task with task-irrelevant angry, happy and neutral facial expressions. Target-letter were presented among homogenous (low perceptual load) or heterogenous (high perceptual load) distractor-letters. Results showed that individuals with SSD were significantly slower than HC in the presence of neutral faces, but only at high perceptual load. We argued that neutral faces captured exogenous attention to a greater extent in SSD, thus challenging attentional control in perceptually demanding conditions. These findings provide new evidence into the interplay between exogenous attention, attentional control and emotion processing in SSD, with potential implications for clinical practice. [NO PEER REVIEW WAS PERFORMED AT THE MOMENT]

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Emotions and cognitive control: A comparison of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Cognitive versus emotional modulation within a Stroop paradigm in patients with schizophrenia

Cognitive versus emotional modulation within a Stroop paradigm in patients with schizophrenia

Cognitive control biases in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emotional interference and attentional control in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: The special case of neutral faces

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