Emphysematous Pyometra in a Dog

Hernández, J.L.; Besso, Juliette G.; Rault, Delphine; Cohen, Abigael; Guionnet, A.; Begon, Dominique; Ruel, Yannick

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2003.tb01270.x

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Rarely the uterus is colonized by gas-producing bacteria, which lead to emphysematous pyometra. In previous cases of canine emphysematous pyometra Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Citrobacter diversus , Clostridium perfringens and Enterococcus avium have been isolated [ 1 – 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiological features of emphysematous pyometra have been described in dogs [ 1 – 5 ], and include tubular structures containing gas or mixed gas and soft tissue/fluid, which had to be differentiated from small intestinal gas [ 10 ]. In the previously published case reports, the radiological studies were conclusive mainly because of the bilateral involvement of the uterine horns, creating a bifurcating gas-filled tubular structure, typical for the uterus, or for the severe degree of distension, that fit more a uterine horn than a small intestinal loop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings in a dog with emphysematous pyometra

2018

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BackgroundEmphysematous pyometra is a rare canine disease characterized by gas-forming bacteria infecting the uterus and causing an accumulation of both gas and infectious exudate in the uterine lumen. While radiological features of emphysematous pyometra have been previously described in dogs, the ultrasonographic appearance has not been reported.Case presentationA 7-year-old intact female Labrador Retriever was presented because of a 1 day history of vomiting, anorexia, mild polyuria/polydipsia and signs of fatigue. On physical examination the dog had a swollen vulva with a sparse amount of yellow discharge. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs showed a dilated predominantly gas-filled tubular structure located in the mid and cranial abdomen traversing from left to right and ending dorsally at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. A small intestinal ileus was initially suspected. Following the radiographic examination, abdominal ultrasound was performed. In the left mid and caudal abdomen there were two thin-walled gas-containing tubular structures. One had the typical layered appearance of an intestinal wall and represented the descending colon. The second structure had a similar thickness but homogenously hypoechoic wall and contained gas and echogenic fluid in the lumen. By use of several positional changes of the dog aiming to alter the location of the intraluminal gas, the second structure was traced to the right ovary cranially and the uterine body caudally, confirming that the structure was the right uterine horn. A final diagnosis of emphysematous pyometra was made.ConclusionUltrasound can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic method to differentiate between small intestinal ileus and emphysematous pyometra.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings in a dog with emphysematous pyometra

2018

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“…It may be difficult to differentiate a gasfilled uterus from gas-filled intestines ultrasonographically. The differential diagnoses of gas-filled tubular structures on abdominal radiographs included mechanical intestinal ileus of the small intestines or gas-filled large intestines, which could be ruled out by radiography following oral contrast medium or a barium enema (7). The differential diagnoses of the Y-shaped gas-filled structure identified radiographically included an emphysematous pyometra or emphysematous fetuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emphysematous pyometra secondary to Enterococcus avium infection in a dog

Chang¹,

Cheng²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

Tierarztl Prax Ausg K

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A 5-year-old female intact Mastiff dog was presented with a history of vaginal discharge for 1 day. Physical examination revealed a sanguineo-purulent vaginal discharge and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Abdominal radiographs showed several dilated and gas- filled tubular loops. The differential diagnoses included emphysematous pyometra or small intestinal mechanical ileus. Surgical exploration of the abdomen demonstrated a severely dilated and gas-filled uterus, and emphysematous pyometra was confirmed. The patient's clinical signs resolved after ovariohysterectomy. Histopathology revealed mild endometrial cystic hyperplasia with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the superficial endometrial epithelia. Enterococcus avium, an α-hemolytic gram-positive coccus, was isolated from the uterus. This paper highlights the radiographic features of emphysematous pyometra and a pathogen that has never been reported to be associated with canine pyometra previously.

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“…The most common bacteria associated with pyometra is Escherichia coli ; however, Staphylococci , Streptococci , Klebsiella , Pseudomonas , Proteus , Haemophilus , Pasteurella , Serratia and other bacteria have been isolated from the uteri of bitches with pyometra (Stone 1985, Lynn and others 1989). Clostridium perfringens (Hernandez and others 2003) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Thilagar and others 2006) were isolated in 2003 and 2006, respectively, from cases of emphysematous pyometra in dogs. C diversus was found in endometrial swab samples from a model of equine endometritis induced by progesterone injection, which was later treated with antibiotics in 1992 (Hinrichs and others 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were severely distended tubular structures containing large amounts of gas on abdominal radiographs. The GI contrast study was specific in determining the nature of the tubular structures (Hernandez and others 2003). Although ultrasonography was usually a superior diagnostic modality to confirm diseases of genital tract system, including pyometra (John and Thomas 2002), ultrasonographic examination was difficult in this patient because of the large amount of air in the structures to be evaluated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%