Empirical Evaluation of a 28 GHz Antenna Array on a 5G Mobile Phone Using a Body Phantom

Vähä-Savo, Lauri; Cziezerski, Christian; Heino, Mikko; Haneda, Katsuyuki; Icheln, Clemens; Hazmi, A.; Tian, Ruiyuan

doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3076535

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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Section: A Spiral Antenna Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The signal-transmissive wall can be made using numerous types of antenna elements, in this manuscript, we use antenna elements presented in [7], [8]. The first one is a spiral antenna element, which is designed to avoid detuning effects due to concrete using a foam backing as shown in [8]. The spiral antenna elements, placed on layers 1 and 3 on the surface of the wall, are connected back-to-back by a dual-coaxial cable creating a well-matched balanced connection between the two spiral antenna elements.…”

Section: A Spiral Antenna Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analytical Characterization of a Transmission Loss of an Antenna-Embedded Wall

vähä-savo,

Veggi,

Vitucci

et al. 2023

Preprint

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An analytical model for an antenna-embedded wall, also called signal-transmissive wall, is presented in this work. In the signal-transmissive wall, multiple antenna elements are distributed periodically on both wall sides, and connected back-to-back through coaxial cables. Numerical full-wave simulations of the signal-transmissive wall are computationally demanding due to the fine meshes required in the cables while having an electrically large wall size. Therefore the simulations above 8 GHz are not feasible even with a powerful cluster computer of the authors’ research site. The analytical model is an attractive alternative to the full-wave simulation of the wall, which combines the individual transmission characteristics of the bare wall, realized gains of antenna elements and cable losses. The analytical model accurately reproduces the full-wave simulated transmission coefficient of the signal-transmissive wall up to 8 GHz for arbitrary polarizations and incident angles of a plane wave. The model therefore allows analyses of the signal-transmissive wall beyond 8 GHz, showing more than 70 dB reduction of the transmission loss at 30 GHz compared to a bare wall.

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Section: A Spiral Antenna Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Spiral Antenna Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Characterization of a Transmission Loss of an Antenna-Embedded Wall

vähä-savo,

Veggi,

Vitucci

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…To characterize the uncertainty more in detail, the spherical coverage of the antenna array held by the two models of Hand 3, grip 1, was evaluated. The spherical coverage was calculated same way as shown in [6]. perform beam scanning in a data-processing of individual radiation patterns of feeds where a 3-bit phase is assumed at all ports.…”

Section: Impacts Of Hand Modeling Repeatabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies pay more attention to millimeter-wave bands, e.g., [5], [6] and references therein. Because the size of antenna elements may be comparable to finger width, the positioning of antennas next to hands would make more drastic changes to their radiation characteristics than the lower frequency correspondents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Modeling of Human Hands for Characterizing Antenna Radiation from a 5G Mobile Phone

Vähä-Savo

Koivumaki

Haneda

et al. 2022

2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

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A method to obtain the three-dimensional (3D) model of a hand for an antenna-hand interaction analysis of a mobile phone is presented. The radiation and reception performance of millimeter-wave signals is more susceptible to intervention by a user's hand than that of legacy below-6 GHz radios. Hand models representing a wide range of natural handgrips of mobile phone users are therefore essential. The 3D modeling is based on the photogrammetry using a video footage of a hand. Multiple 3D models of natural handgrips can be obtained with reasonable efforts. The radiation performance of a canonical antenna array implemented into a mobile phone sized chassis is evaluated using a developed series of 3D hand models, showing the uncertainty of repeatable antenna-hand interaction analyses.

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“…Hence, an HMD, equipped with widely-adopted directional patch antennas (with a field of view less than < 90 • [7]) should feature several antenna arrays, placed along the HMD's outside perimeter, to provide sufficient angular coverage during rotation. In addition to misalignment, mmWave MPCs are highly prone to blockage by other users and oneself [8,9]. Adding antenna arrays can also mitigate the adverse effects of blockage since the broader angular coverage allows the HMD to receive other MPCs (reflections, unaffected by blockage).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Array Configuration on Head-Mounted Display Performance at mm Wave Bands

Marinšek

Cai

Strycker

et al. 2023

2023 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications &Amp; 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit)

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Immersing a user in life-like extended reality (XR) scenery using a head-mounted display (HMD) with a constrained form factor and hardware complexity requires remote rendering on a nearby edge server or computer. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication technology can provide sufficient data rate for wireless XR content transmission. However, mmWave channels exhibit severe sparsity in the angular domain. This means that distributed antenna arrays are required to cover a larger angular area and to combat outage during HMD rotation. At the same time, one would prefer fewer antenna elements/arrays for a lower complexity system. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the trade-off between the number of antenna arrays and the achievable performance to find a proper practical solution. This work presents indoor 28 GHz mmWave channel measurement data, collected during HMD mobility, and studies the dominant eigenmode (DE) gain. DE gain is a significant factor in understanding system performance since mmWave channel sparsity and eigenmode imbalance often results in provisioning the majority of the available power to the DE. Moreover, it provides the upper performance bounds for widely-adopted analog beamformers. We propose 3 performance metrics -gain trade-off, gain volatility, and minimum service trade-off -for evaluating the performance of a multi-array HMD and apply the metrics to indoor 28 GHz channel measurement data. Evaluation results indicate, that 3 arrays provide stable temporal channel gain. Adding a 4 th array further increases channel capacity, while any additional arrays do not significantly increase physical layer performance.

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Empirical Evaluation of a 28 GHz Antenna Array on a 5G Mobile Phone Using a Body Phantom

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Analytical Characterization of a Transmission Loss of an Antenna-Embedded Wall

Analytical Characterization of a Transmission Loss of an Antenna-Embedded Wall

3-D Modeling of Human Hands for Characterizing Antenna Radiation from a 5G Mobile Phone

Impact of Array Configuration on Head-Mounted Display Performance at mm Wave Bands

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