Empirical Prediction of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread

Bartlett, Steven F.; Youd, T. Leslie

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1995)121:4(316)

Cited by 195 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Three types of models are commonly used as predictive/analysis tools for lateral spreading: empirical models (e.g. Hamada et al 1986;Bartlett & Youd 1995;Youd et al 2002); simplified physics-based models (e.g. Newmark 1965); and advanced numerical analyses (e.g.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Lateral Spreadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral spreading and its impacts in urban areas in the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes

Cubrinovski

Robinson

Taylor

et al. 2012

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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In the 4 September 2010 (M W 07.1) and 22 February 2011 (M W 06.2) earthquakes, widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading occurred throughout Christchurch and the town of Kaiapoi. The severe soil liquefaction and lateral spreading in particular caused extensive and heavy damage to residential buildings, Christchurch business district (CBD) buildings, bridges and water supply and wastewater systems of Christchurch. After the earthquake, comprehensive field investigations and inspections were conducted to document the liquefaction-induced land damage and lateral spreading displacements and their impact on buildings and infrastructure. The results of ground surveying measurements of lateral spreads at approximately 120 locations along the Avon River, Kaiapoi River and streams in the affected area reveal permanent lateral ground displacements at the banks of up to 2Á3 m that progressed inland as far as 200Á250 m from the waterway, causing significant damage to structures located within the spreading zone. Different features and magnitudes of spreading were identified, which were often affected by a complex interplay of ground conditions, topography, meandering river geometry and local depositional environment. The spreading was characterised by very large and highly non-uniform ground deformation causing stretching of building foundations and the buildings themselves. Road bridges suffered a characteristic spreading-induced damage mechanism including back-rotation of the abutments associated with deck pinning and damage at the top of the abutment piles. The wastewater system of Christchurch was hit particularly hard by the liquefaction and lateral spreading, and approximately 60% of the damaged pipes of the potable water system were located in areas of severe liquefaction and lateral spreading.

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Section: Mechanism Of Lateral Spreadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral spreading and its impacts in urban areas in the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes

Cubrinovski

Robinson

Taylor

et al. 2012

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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“…Displacements ranging from a few centimeters to several meters are commonly developed by this phenomenon [68]. Thus, it is not difficult to infer that engineered structures be severely marred when enduring lateral soil displacements of such a magnitude.…”

Section: A Neurofuzzy System To Analyze Liquefaction-inducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Database. The information compiled by Bartlett and Youd [68] and extended later by Youd et al [72] includes 448 entries corresponding to seven earthquakes. A summary of this database is given in Table 3.…”

Section: A Neurofuzzy System To Analyze Liquefaction-inducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Schemes for Earthquake-Geotechnical Dilemmas

García¹

2013

International Journal of Geophysics

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Models of real systems are of fundamental importance in virtually all disciplines because they can be useful for gaining a better understanding of the organism. Models make it possible to predict or simulate a system's behavior; in earthquake geotechnical engineering, they are required for the design of new constructions and for the analysis of those that exist. Since the quality of the model typically determines an upper bound on the quality of the final problem solution, modeling is often the bottleneck in the development of the whole system. As a consequence, a strong demand for advanced modeling and identification schemes arises. During the past years, soft computing techniques have been used for developing unconventional procedures to study earthquake geotechnical problems. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of the algorithms, in this work a criterion to leverage the best features to develop efficient hybrid models is presented. Via the development of schemes for integrating data-driven and theoretical procedures, the soft computing tools are presented as reliable earthquake geotechnical models. This assertion is buttressed using a broad history of seismic events and monitored responses in complicated soils systems. Combining the versatility of fuzzy logic to represent qualitative knowledge, the data-driven efficiency of neural networks to provide fine-tuned adjustments via local search, and the ability of genetic algorithms to perform efficient coarse-granule global search, the earthquake geotechnical problems are observed, analyzed, and solved under a holistic approach.

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“…Lateral spreads generally develop on gentle slopes between 0.5 and 3 degrees (0.1 and 5 percent) and may induce up to several feet of lateral displacement. Empirical correlations have been developed by Bartlett and Youd (1995) to estimate lateral ground displacement due to liquefaction. Analytical procedures using appropriately reduced (residual) strengths of soils also are available to estimate displacements.…”

Section: Horizontal Ground Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1997 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures

Holmes

2000

Earthquake Spectra

214

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The Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC) was established in 1979 under the auspices of the National Institute of Building Sciences as an entirely new type of instrument for dealing with the complex regulatory, technical, social, and economic issues involved in developing and promulgating building earthquake hazard mitigation regulatory provisions that are national in scope. By bringing together in the BSSC all of the needed expertise and all relevant public and private interests, it was believed that issues related to the seismic safety of the built environment could be resolved and jurisdictional problems overcome through authoritative guidance and assistance backed by a broad consensus.The BSSC is an independent, voluntary membership body representing a wide variety of building community interests. Its fundamental purpose is to enhance public safety by providing a national forum that fosters improved seismic safety provisions for use by the building community in the planning, design, construction, regulation, and utilization of buildings.To fulfill its purpose, the BSSC: (1) promotes the development of seismic safety provisions suitable for use throughout the United States; (2) recommends, encourages, and promotes the adoption of appropriate seismic safety provisions in voluntary standards and model codes; (3) assesses progress in the implementation of such provisions by federal, state, and local regulatory and construction agencies; (4) identifies opportunities for improving seismic safety regulations and practices and encourages public and private organizations to effect such improvements; (5) promotes the development of training and educational courses and materials for use by design professionals, builders, building regulatory officials, elected officials, industry representatives, other members of the building community, and the public; (6) advises government bodies on their programs of research, development, and implementation; and (7) periodically reviews and evaluates research findings, practices, and experience and makes recommendations for incorporation into seismic design practices.See Appendix E of the Commentary volume for a full description of BSSC activities.

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Empirical Prediction of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread

Cited by 195 publications

References 9 publications

Lateral spreading and its impacts in urban areas in the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes

Lateral spreading and its impacts in urban areas in the 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes

Soft Schemes for Earthquake-Geotechnical Dilemmas

The 1997 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures

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