Empirical Relationships Between Birth Order and Two Types of Parental Feedback

Birth Order Significantly Affects the Mental Health Emotionally As Well As Psychologically

“…Family roles govern the perceived expectations and responsibilities placed on children by parents and siblings. Children's perception of their place in the family constellation influences how they feel about themselves, and how they interact with others [1].Components of family structure during formative years that reflect emotional and psychological status, coping and relating styles of mature individuals [2].Although many genetic and environmental factors contribute to differences between siblings, some differences in behaviour of siblings have been attributed to the effects of birth order [3], an individual's rank by age among siblings [3]. The place of the individual within the family, the first social structure encountered, has been suggested as a contributing factor in shaping human personalities [4], and influencing interactions in subsequent social structures.…”

“…oldest tend to be socialized by adults, whereas later born are exposed to the socializing influences of older siblings [3]. Adults socialized as first born, are sometimes theorized to be more achievement oriented, while their younger siblings are often believed to be more successful in social endeavors, experience greater enjoyment during risk taking behaviour and be more independent of authority [3]. It is acknowledged that such characterizations are general and imprecise at best [3] Birth order research has always been controversial.…”

“…Adults socialized as first born, are sometimes theorized to be more achievement oriented, while their younger siblings are often believed to be more successful in social endeavors, experience greater enjoyment during risk taking behaviour and be more independent of authority [3]. It is acknowledged that such characterizations are general and imprecise at best [3] Birth order research has always been controversial. One of the first modern psychologists to address the influence of birth order on personality development across the lifespan was Alfred Adler in the 1920's.…”

“…One of the first modern psychologists to address the influence of birth order on personality development across the lifespan was Alfred Adler in the 1920's. Since his description of the effects of ordinal position of birth on personality [3], many theories have been suggested to explain apparent differences. These include dethronement of the first born, parental anxiety, economic factors, intrauterine conditions [3] and historical cohort effects.…”

Relação entre ordem de nascimento e interesses vocacionais

“…Muitas pesquisas têm investigado a relação entre a posição ordinal na genitura familiar e inúmeras variáveis, tais como inteligência (Zajonc, 2001), criatividade (Baer, Oldham, Hollingshead & Jacobsohn, 2005), hipocondria (Skinner, 1997), feedback parental (Claxton, 1994), status profissional (Terry, 1989), entre outras. A proliferação de pesquisas sobre o tema levou Zajonc e Mullally (1997) a afirmar que "a ordem de nascimento tem sido rapidamente restabelecida como um fator relevante em psicologia" (p.698).…”