Emplacement temperature estimation of the 2015 dome collapse of Volcán de Colima as key proxy for flow dynamics of confined and unconfined pyroclastic density currents

Pensa, Alessandra; Capra, Lucía; Giordano, Guido; Corrado, Sveva

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.05.010

Cited by 23 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Reflectance analysis of the charcoal to estimate deposition temperature of pyroclastic materials has been widely used, e.g. Soufrière Hills (Scott and Glasspool, 2005;Scott et al, 2008), Taupo (Hudspith et al, 2010), Vesuvius (Caricchi et al, 2014), Colima (Pensa et al, 2018), Fogo (Pensa et al, 2015), Sundoro (Harijoko et al, 2018), and Merapi (Trolese et al, 2018). The latest mentioned reported deposition temperature of both channel and overbank facies PDCs erupted in 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacement Temperature of the Overbank and Dilute-Detached Pyroclastic Density Currents of Merapi 5 November 2010 Events using Reflectance Analysis of Associated Charcoal

et al. 2018

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Merapi eruption in 2010 produced 17 km high column of ash and southward pyroclastic density current (PDC). Based on the deposits characteristics and distributions, the PDC is divided into channel and overbank facies (pyroclastic flow), and associated diluted PDC (pyroclastic surge). The hot overbank PDCs and the associated dilute-detached PDCs are the main cause of high casualty (367 fatalities) in medial-distal area (5–16 km), especially near main valley of Kali Gendol. We reported the emplacement temperature of these two deposits using reflectance analysis of charcoal. We used both entombed charcoals in the overbank PDC and charcoals in singed house nearby. Samples were collected on 6–13 km distance southward from summit. Charcoalification temperatures of the entombed charcoals represent deposition temperature of the overbank PDCs, whereas those of charcoals in the singed house resembles temperature of the associated dilute-detached PDCs. Results show mean random reflectance (Ro%) values of entombed charcoal mainly range 1.1–1.9 correspond to temperature range 328–444 °C, whereas charcoal in singed house range 0.61–1.12 with estimated temperature range 304–358 °C. The new temperature data of the dilute-detached PDCs in the medial-distal area is crucial for assessing impact scenarios for exposed populations as it affects them lethally and destructively

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emplacement Temperature of the Overbank and Dilute-Detached Pyroclastic Density Currents of Merapi 5 November 2010 Events using Reflectance Analysis of Associated Charcoal

et al. 2018

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“…PDC deposits to the south of Bakalan, but closer to the Gendol channel, remained at 180 °C during field studies carried out 34 days after emplacement, supporting the relatively low flow temperatures estimated within Bakalan. These temperatures are low relative to some dense unconfined deposits from other eruptions, with deposits from the June 1997 Soufrière Hills eruptions measured in the days to weeks after the event at over °C (Cole et al 2002), though unconfined deposits from the 2015 dome collapse events at Colima (Mexico) show temperatures from 180 to 220 °C (Pensa et al 2018). Lower temperatures at Merapi in 2010 may reflect entrainment of air over the long travel distance and interaction of PDCs with dense, tropical vegetation, while other factors could include the relatively small magma volume, the effect of topography in entraining cooler, ambient air close to source, and/or the high moisture content of the PDCs due to the summit hydrothermal system saturating the source dome rock (Jenkins et al, 2013;Komorowski et al, 2013).…”

Section: Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 77%

The hazards of unconfined pyroclastic density currents: a new synthesis and classification according to their deposits, dynamics, and thermal and impact characteristics

Lerner¹,

Jenkins²,

Charbonnier³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) that escape their confining channels are among the most dangerous of volcanic hazards. These unconfined PDCs are capable of inundating inhabited areas that may be unprepared for these hazards, resulting in significant loss of life and damage to infrastructure. Despite their ability to cause serious impacts, unconfined PDCs have previously only been described for a limited number of specific case studies. Here, we carry out a broader comparative study that reviews the different types of unconfined PDCs, their deposits, dynamics and impacts, as well as the relationships between each element. Unconfined PDCs exist within a range of concentration, velocity and temperature: characteristics that are important in determining their impact. We define four end-member unconfined PDCs: 1. fast overspill flows, 2. slow overspill flows, 3. high-energy surges, and 4. low-energy detached surges (LEDS), and review characteristics and incidents of each from historical eruptions. These four end-members were all observed within the 2010 eruptive sequence of Merapi, Indonesia. We use this well-studied eruption as a case study, in particular the villages of Bakalan, 13 km south, and Bronggang 14 km south of the volcano, which were impacted by slow overspill flows and LEDS, respectively. These two unconfined PDC types are the least described from previous eruptions, but during the Merapi eruption the overspill flow resulted in building destruction and the LEDS in significant loss of life. We discuss the dynamics and deposits of these unconfined PDCs, and the resultant impacts. We then use the lessons learned from the 2010 Merapi eruption to assess some of the impacts associated with the deadly 2018 Fuego, Guatemala eruption. Satellite imagery and media images supplementing fieldwork were used to determine the presence of both overspill flows and LEDS, which resulted in the loss of hundreds of lives and the destruction of hundreds of buildings in inundated areas within 9 km of the summit. By cataloguing unconfined PDC characteristics, dynamics and impacts, we aim to highlight the importance and value of accounting for such phenomena in emergency management and planning at active volcanoes.

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“…Pensa et al. (2018) estimated the temperatures of the unconfined ash cloud from the 2015 Volcán de Colima eruptions and found temperatures of ∼200°C which was approximately ∼170°C lower than that of the valley‐confined area using charcoal reflectance methods. At Merapi using the 2010 deposits, Wibowo et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Overspill Pyroclastic Density Currents in Sinuous Channels

Hutchison

Dufek

2021

JGR Solid Earth

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Due to their incredible mobility, even over substantial obstacles, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are a major hazard for people living around volcanic centers. Much of the uncertainty in the flow path of PDC is related to the interplay of topographic elements and a highly variable particle concentration field. As noted by simulations and inferences from deposits, PDCs are density stratified gravity currents and form a particle-concentrated underflow and an overriding dilute region sometimes referred to as the ash-cloud surge (ACS) as seen in

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Emplacement temperature estimation of the 2015 dome collapse of Volcán de Colima as key proxy for flow dynamics of confined and unconfined pyroclastic density currents

Cited by 23 publications

References 65 publications

Emplacement Temperature of the Overbank and Dilute-Detached Pyroclastic Density Currents of Merapi 5 November 2010 Events using Reflectance Analysis of Associated Charcoal

Emplacement Temperature of the Overbank and Dilute-Detached Pyroclastic Density Currents of Merapi 5 November 2010 Events using Reflectance Analysis of Associated Charcoal

The hazards of unconfined pyroclastic density currents: a new synthesis and classification according to their deposits, dynamics, and thermal and impact characteristics

Generation of Overspill Pyroclastic Density Currents in Sinuous Channels

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