“…. (Elliot & Church, 1997;Murayama et al, 2012;Putarek & Pavlin-Bernardić, 2020;Du & Li, 2021;Kamboj & Kohli, 2021;Miller et al,2021;Miller, 2022 (Elliot & Church, 1997;Murayama et al, 2012 ;Putarek & Pavlin-Bernardić, 2020;Du & Li, 2021;Kamboj & Kohli, 2021;Miller et al,2021;Miller, 2022) . Meng et al,2014;(;Koul et al,2009;2016;Velliaris,2016,16-18;Boafo-Arthur & Brown, 2017,237 ػؿ ػ نأ ػه ػ ا،كاديني (Bong ,2008;Niiya et al,2008 ػؿ نأ داؼ ا، (Bong ,2008;Niiya et al,2008;Songsriwittaya et al,2010 (Beck&Ajzen,1991;Whitely,1998;Harding et al, 2007;Stone et al,2010;Alleyne & Phillips, 2011 ;Meng et al,2014;Rajah-Kanagasabai & Roberts,2015;Chudzicka-Czupała et al,2016;Hendy & Montargot, 2019;Dewnti et al,2020 ;Koc & Memduhoglu, 2020 (Beck&Ajzen,1991;Whitely,1998;Harding et al, 2007;…”