Employment and health after retirement in Japanese men

Okamoto, Shohei; Okamura, Tomonori; Komamura, Kohei

doi:10.2471/blt.18.215764

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our findings were not consistent with a study from the same country, which analysed the data of older birth cohorts than this study (Kajitani et al, 2016;Okamoto et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The retirement-health puzzle: Breathe a sigh of relief at retirement?

Okamoto

Kobayashi

2022

Preprint

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Objectives: While the health effects of retirement have been well studied, existing findings remain inconclusive, and the mechanisms underlying the linkage between retirement and health are unclear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of retirement on health and its potential mediators. Methods: Using a national household survey conducted annually from 2004 to 2019 in Japan (the Japan Household Panel Survey), we evaluated the effects of retirement among Japanese men aged 50 or older on their health, in addition to other outcomes that could be attributed to health changes associated with retirement (i.e. health behaviours, psychological well-being, time use for unpaid activities, and leisure activities). As outcomes are not measured every year, we analysed 5,794-10,682 person-year observations by 975-1,469 unique individuals. To address the potential endogeneity of retirement, we adopted an instrumental variable fixed-effects approach based on policy changes in pension-eligible ages for employee pensions. Results: We found that retirement improved psychological well-being, exercise habits, and time spent on unpaid work. The psychological benefits of retirement were no longer observed for longer durations after retirement, whereas healthy habits and unpaid activities continued. Moreover, health-related improvements after retirement occurred mostly in the higher-income group. Discussion: Enhancement in personal quality of life owing to increased leisure time and stress reduction from work in addition to life style changes may be key to understanding the health benefits of retirement. Considering the mechanisms behind retirement-health relationships and potential heterogeneous effects is essential for healthy retirement lives when increasing the retirement age.

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“…Our findings were not consistent with a study from the same country, which analysed the data of older birth cohorts than this study (Kajitani et al, 2016;Okamoto et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The retirement-health puzzle: Breathe a sigh of relief at retirement?

Okamoto

Kobayashi

2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Employment status was a binary variable marked as ‘1’ if a respondent was currently in paid work, and ‘0’ otherwise. Studies in Japan have verified that employment among older adults has protective effects against cognitive decline, and retirement leads to worse cognitive functioning outcomes [ 50 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of gender differences in cognitive functioning: National Survey of the Japanese elderly

et al. 2021

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Background It is well known that females generally live longer than males, but women tend to suffer from more illnesses and limitations than men do, also for dementia. However, limited empirical evidence is available why this ‘male-female health-survival paradox’ is observed. This study aimed to investigate factors which account for gender differences in health, particularly cognitive functioning and decline among older adults. Methods Data were retrieved from the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly, which is a longitudinal survey of a nationwide representative sample of Japanese adults aged 60 or over. Gender differences in cognitive functioning and decline in three-year follow-ups were decomposed using Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analysis, regarding demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors into the ‘explained’ component, by differences in individual attributes listed above, and the ‘unexplained’ component. Results Empirical analyses showed that women’s lower cognitive functioning was partly explained by the endowment effect. Moreover, a shorter duration of formal education and a larger proportion with their longest occupation being domestic worker accounted for steeper cognitive decline and more prevalent mild cognitive impairment in women than in men. Conclusion This empirical study suggested that gender differences in cognitive functioning and decline account for different individual attributes of social determinants among men and women. Particularly, men seem to be more engaged in activities which accumulate intellectual experiences through education and occupation, as suggested by the cognitive reserve hypothesis.

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“…Tačiau tiek mūsų tyrimo rezultatai, tiek kitos analizės rodo, kad išėjimas į pensiją nebūtinai visada siejasi su geresne gerove. Mūsų tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad aktyvumas darbo rinkoje siejasi su geresne gerove, o SHARE duomenų pagrindu atlikti kiti tyrimai (Wahrendorf et al, 2017) leidžia manyti, kad dirbančių pensinio amžiaus asmenų sveikata yra geresnė (tai gali būti tiek pasilikimo darbo rinkoje priežastis, tiek pasekmė), kitų šalių, pavyzdžiui, Singapūro ar Japonijos, tyrimai (Okamoto et al, 2018;Schwingel et al, 2009) taip pat rodo, kad dirbantys pensinio amžiaus žmonės pasižymėjo geresne gerove ir fizine bei psichine sveikata. Tačiau tyrimai (Belloni et al, 2016;Siegrist et al, 2007) taip pat atskleidžia, kad vyresnio amžiaus asmenų kokybiško pasilikimo darbo vietoje prielaida yra kokybiška darbo vieta.…”

Section: Lėtinės Ligos Gretutiniai Psichikos Sveikatos Sutrikimai Ir ...unclassified

The well-being of older age Lithuanians: Policy implications

Kairys

Zamalijeva

Bagdonas

et al. 2021

PSY

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Many countries of the world consider the well-being of citizens to be one of their most important goals. Nowadays there is a growing concern about the well-being of older people. Considering the aging population, there is a call for social policies aimed at strengthening the well-being of older people. Therefore, recommendations were prepared for policymakers on possible ways to strengthen the well-being of the older age Lithuanian population. The recommendations are based on data from the 7th wave of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). There were 2014 persons aged 50 and older interviewed in Lithuania in the 7th wave of the SHARE survey. Data on various aspects of well-being, health, work and economic situation, childhood circumstances, experiences of discrimination were analyzed. Based on different aspects of well-being it was found, that respondents can be grouped into high, low, and medium well-being clusters, moreover the analysis showed that the Lithuanian population has relatively low well-being compared to other countries. Recommendations were formulated covering possible measures for chronic diseases, co-morbid mental health disorders, work, economic situation, childhood environment, and personal life history. The recommendations are addressed to health, social and employment, education, and science policymakers.

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Employment and health after retirement in Japanese men

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

The retirement-health puzzle: Breathe a sigh of relief at retirement?

The retirement-health puzzle: Breathe a sigh of relief at retirement?

Decomposition of gender differences in cognitive functioning: National Survey of the Japanese elderly

The well-being of older age Lithuanians: Policy implications

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