Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climates, Mediating Psychological Processes, and Future Intentions of Sport Participation

Abstract

Based on the conceptual model of multidimensional and hierarchical motivational climate the objective of this study was to test two models. One model (M1) of total mediation, testing the mediating mechanisms that explain why the motivational climate affects intention of continuity or dropout. Specifically, we test the mediating role of satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation, in the relationship between the players’ perception of the empowering and disempowering climate created by the coach, and the intention of young soccer players to continue/dropout the sport practice. The second model (M2) of partial mediation, contributes to knowing the mechanisms that link the antecedent variables included in the model (perceived empowering and disempowering motivational climate) and the outcomes (intention of continuity or dropout in sport). A total of 381 young male soccer players between 12 and 14 years of age (M = 12.41, SD = 0.89), completed a questionnaire package tapping into the variables of interest: players’ perception of the motivational climate created by the coach (empowering and disempowering), satisfaction/thwarting of basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation and the intention to continue/dropout sports participation. The hypothesized model was tested using a structural equation model technique with latent variables. The results of the partial mediation model were satisfactory (χ2= 120.92; df = 68; RMSEA = 0.045; CFI = 0.968; TLI = 0.957) and showed that need satisfaction and self-determined motivation partially mediated the relationship between the perception of the empowering climate and the intention to continue. Moreover, need satisfaction showed a positive and significant relationship with the intention to continue sports participation. Additionally, need thwarting and self-determined motivation totally mediated the relationship between the perception of the disempowering climate and the intention to dropout. Furthermore, needs thwarting was positively and significantly related to the intention to dropout of sports participation. Findings point to the importance of fostering empowering climates and preventing the creation of disempowering climates in the grassroots football.

Climas motivacionales, necesidades psicológicas básicas y motivación en deportistas de una institución privada

“…Para dar respuesta, en primer lugar realizamos correlaciones entre las diferentes variables psicológicas, y los resultados mostraron una relación positiva entre el clima empowering y la satisfacción de las tres NPB, y entre el clima disempowering y la frustración de las NPB, así como una relación negativa entre el clima empowering y la frustración de las NPB, y del clima disempowering con la satisfacción de las NPB. Estos hallazgos son acordes con otros estudios (Castillo-Jiménez et al, 2022;Erlend et al, 2018;Ramírez, 2020;Mosqueda et al, 2022), aunque cabe recalcar que en estos evalúan las NPB como una variable en conjunto, mientras que en nuestro estudio se diferencian las tres necesidades: autonomía, competencia y relación.…”

“…Las respuestas se recogen en una escala tipo Likert de cinco puntos que oscila desde totalmente en desacuerdo (1) hasta totalmente de acuerdo (5). Esta escala ha presentado adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en sus dimensiones de empowering y disempowering en contexto mexicano (Castillo et al, 2022;Mosqueda et al, 2022).…”

Dynamic Interactive Model of Sport Motivation

“…Although achievement goal theory and the self-determination theory were published decades ago, they are still dominant theories in scientific explanation of a latent construct of motivation in sport [ 39 ]. Modern integrative hierarchical and multidimensional models of motivation in sport are based on these two basic theories [ 40 ].…”

Climas motivacionales, procesos psicológicos mediadores y funcionamiento óptimo en deportistas

“…En la tabla 1 presentamos los instrumentos utilizados para medir las variables de estudio, así como investigaciones que han aplicado el instrumento en el contexto mexicano. Cabe resaltar que hay estudios en México que los han empleado en niños y adultos; las muestras de los más recientes han estado conformadas por jóvenes futbolistas entre 12 y 14 años de edad (Castillo-Jiménez, 2018;Castillo-Jiménez et al, 2022), y deportistas de 17 a 28 años (Pineda-Espejel et al, 2019).…”