“…The way a written text refers to, evokes or uses other texts and sources varies from more explicit, emphasized and direct mentions, such as direct speech and integral citations, to more implicit, de-emphasized and indirect mentions, such as indirect speech and non-integral citations (Swales, 1990). Direct speech is usually identified by quotation marks or other typographic markers (italics, block indentation) signalling that the wording is entirely that of the original; in contrast, indirect speech explicitly specifies a source but filters the original meaning through the writers' own words and perspectives (Bazerman, 2004;Reyes, 1993); finally, mixed speech combines a paraphrasis of the original source with a partial reproduction of the source wording (Fahler et al, 2019). Additionally, integral citations give syntactic and semantic prominence to the author or source as part of the clause; in contrast, non-integral citations focus on the propositional content of the source, as it remains partially occluded between brackets or in a final-note (Swales, 1990).…”