Panorama histórico y contrastivo de los estudios sobre lectura y escritura en educación superior publicados en América Latina A historical and contrastive account of higher education reading and writing studies published in Latin AmericaFederico Navarro ResumenLos estudios sobre lectura y escritura en educación superior cuentan con al menos dos décadas de desarrollo en Latinoamérica. Sin embargo, aún son escasas las investigaciones sistemáticas sobre la configuración de este espacio disciplinar. Con el propósito de llenar este vacío, el presente artículo identifica continuidades y contrastes locales e históricos a partir de un conjunto de variables (autores, idiomas, focos, temas, orientaciones, niveles, áreas, géneros y tipos). Para ello, un equipo internacional analizó cualitativa y cuantitativamente 81 artículos sobre el tema aparecidos en los últimos 15 años en cuatro revistas de Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Colombia consideradas líderes por la propia comunidad experta. Los resultados muestran una mayoría de artículos REVISTA SIGNOS. ESTUDIOS DE LINGÜÍSTICA 2016, 49(S1) 101 interesados en la investigación empírica de la escritura, en la formación de grado y el área de las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales, con foco en el artículo de investigación, con autores internacionales pero publicados en español y portugués. Históricamente, desapareció la lectura como competencia aislada y crecieron los enfoques híbridos y con mayor claridad epistemológica. Los contrastes regionales indican que la lectura y escritura son mayormente consideradas procesos educativos situados en la revista colombiana y discursos especializados en la argentina y chilena, con la brasileña entre medio. Además, los corpora brasileño y colombiano favorecen dinámicas de intercambio local mientras que los de Argentina y Chile presentan más autores internacionales. Esta reflexión disciplinar sobre los estudios de la lectura y la escritura en Latinoamérica resulta de importancia científica, educativa y política para su visibilización, validación, institucionalización y expansión.Palabras Clave: Alfabetización académica, didáctica de la escritura, universidad, discurso académico, ILEES. AbstractHigher education reading and writing studies have developed for at least two decades in Latin America. However, little systematic research reveals the emerging shape of this disciplinary space. To fill this gap, this article compares publications from different countries and moments based on the variables of authors, languages, focuses, topics, orientations, levels, areas, genres and types. An international team analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively 81 articles on reading and writing published during the last 15 years in four leading journals according to the expert community from Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Colombia. Results show that most articles do empirical research on writing; they tend to study the development of undergraduate writing and prefer the Humanities and Social Sciences; they mostly focus on the research article; they are written by au...
As texts enact historically situated ways of making knowledge, intertextual analysis through citation patterns can shed some light on a community's epistemologies. The present research seeks a deeper understanding of the theoretical trends, the influences, and the emerging disciplinary configuration of the writing studies community in Latin America. Findings confirm the existence of an extremely diverse theoretical landscape, with a strong influence of Englishspeaking authors, followed by locals. A network analysis model for co-cited authors reveals two well-differentiated approaches. This kind of analysis constitutes a useful input to further the discussion about disciplinary epistemologies and ideologies of the field in the region.
We aim to challenge assumptions made about the use of English as a “lingua franca” in scientific-academic contexts, identify the impact of such assumptions on trajectories of knowledge production and uptake, and legitimize the use of multiple languages for transnational scholarly exchange. We set out ten principles: Using English as a scientific-academic “lingua franca” does not always promote inclusion; A language positioned as a scientific-academic “lingua franca” can act as a language of domination; Positioning English as the “lingua franca” policy may discourage translations and exclude participation; Policies which position English as being the contemporary scientific-academic “lingua franca” may convey the idea that knowledge produced in English is the only knowledge that exists; The imposition of English as a presumed scientific-academic “lingua franca” is a manifestation of the unequal distribution of knowledge production and uptake; Languages/varieties function as powerful resources for knowledge making; Choosing a language for publishing or presenting is a sociolinguistic right; Choosing a language to publish or present in is a political act; Convention organizers should have the right to promote the language(s) of their choice; Convention organizers and scholars should be as creative and sensitive to including as diverse an audience as possible.
La escritura se incluye en el repertorio de saberes y habilidades propios de la Formación Inicial Docente (FID), tal como manifiestan las políticas y marcos normativos FID y las investigaciones sobre su rol formativo. No obstante, es escaso el conocimiento sobre la instanciación curricular de la escritura en las trayectorias FID. Este estudio de casos múltiples analiza la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Básica en tres universidades chilenas acreditadas. Se construyó una muestra intencionada de programas de curso y se identificaron competencias y prácticas pedagógicas escritas para describir la presencia de la escritura en el currículum diseñado. Estos datos fueron triangulados con grupos focales de estudiantes y profesores en cada institución, que recogieron evidencias del currículum experimentado. Los resultados dan cuenta de una importante presencia de la escritura en el currículum FID en todas las instituciones, aunque mayoritariamente de forma implícita. Los cursos con mayor potencial para trabajar la escritura a través del currículum no necesariamente son identificados como tales por docentes y estudiantes, ya que hay un alto impacto de la implementación que cada docente hace de los programas. Finalmente, se releva la necesidad de transversalizar y secuenciar la enseñanza de la escritura.
Amidst the process of enrollment growth in Higher Education in Latin America, several inclusion policies that benefit traditionally excluded students stand out. However, academic writing continues to be a challenge for their academic pathways. The objective of this article is to propose an evidence-based conceptual framework on inclusion and writing, aiming to overcome deficit narratives and to vindicate student perspectives. Using a qualitative design, we conducted interviews and surveys with the participants of a national inclusive admissions program in three Chilean universities, which were analyzed using thematic codes and qualitative reliability protocols. The results show a low student appreciation of their varied and frequent vernacular literacy practices and a pervading tension between their identity and linguistic performance in different spaces, within and outside the academia. In addition, self-managed literacy practices, commitment to the task of writing and the possibility of putting one's own perspective into writing appear to be factors of persistence. The article offers evidence-based suggestions on how to operationalize university inclusion in the writing curriculum, based upon the concepts of identity, voice, and agency of students.
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