Enabling aqueous processing for crack-free thick electrodes

Du, Zhijia; Rollag, Kelsey; Li, J.; An, Seong Jin; Wood, Marissa; Sheng, Yang; Mukherjee, Partha P.; Daniel, Claus; Wood, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.04.030

Cited by 129 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

134

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…20,21 There has been growing interest in switching cathode manufacturing from NMP-based processing to aqueous processing because of the multiple benefits: (1) lower cost in raw materials [$1.5/L to $3.0/L NMP (2) poor wetting of aqueous suspension on Al foils ascribed to high surface tension of water; 27 (3) metal leaching in water suspension; (4) electrode cracking attributed to high residual stress induced by surface tension of water during electrode drying; 28 and (5) residual moisture removal. 29 Fortunately, most of these problems are solvable and great progress has been achieved.…”

Section: Aqueous Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This problem can be circumvented by reducing the surface tension of the solvent; for example water can be mixed with another solvent with lower surface tension. 28 As for residual moisture removal, it is common that electrodes produced via aqueous processing have higher moisture uptake as a result of the hydrophilic nature of the water-soluble binders. The efficiency in removing the residual moisture depends on the chemistries and binders.…”

Section: Aqueous Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ruther

et al. 2017

JOM

Self Cite

232

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reducing cost and increasing energy density are two barriers for widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Although the cost of electric vehicle batteries has been reduced by $70% from 2008 to 2015, the current battery pack cost ($268/kWh in 2015) is still >2 times what the USABC targets ($125/kWh). Even though many advancements in cell chemistry have been realized since the lithium-ion battery was first commercialized in 1991, few major breakthroughs have occurred in the past decade. Therefore, future cost reduction will rely on cell manufacturing and broader market acceptance. This article discusses three major aspects for cost reduction: (1) quality control to minimize scrap rate in cell manufacturing; (2) novel electrode processing and engineering to reduce processing cost and increase energy density and throughputs; and (3) material development and optimization for lithium-ion batteries with high-energy density. Insights on increasing energy and power densities of lithium-ion batteries are also addressed.

show abstract

Section: Aqueous Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aqueous Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ruther

et al. 2017

JOM

Self Cite

232

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The water-alcohol-based dispersion [5] can be applied by different methods ranging from printing [6] to blade or slot die coating [7] to generate a wet layer. However, the rupture of the catalyst layer is a frequent challenge to all coating techniques [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer Formation from Polymer Carbon-Black Dispersions

Scheepers

Stähler

et al. 2018

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been well-established that effects such as cracking are observable when wet layers are dried. In particular, the layer thickness, as well as the surface tension of the liquid, is responsible for this behavior. The layer formation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells and electrolyzer electrodes, however, has not yet been analyzed in relation to these issues, even though the effect of cracks on cell performance and durability has been frequently discussed. In this paper, water propanol polymer-containing carbon-black dispersions are analyzed in situ with regard to their composition during drying. We demonstrate that crack behavior can be steered by slight variations in the initial dispersion when the solvent mixture is near the dynamic azeotropic point. This minor adjustment may strongly affect the drying behavior, leading to either propanol or water-enriched liquid phases at the end of the drying process. If the evaporation of the solvent results in propanol enrichment, the critical layer thickness at which cracks occur will be increased by about 30% due to a decrease in the capillary pressure. Microscopic images indicate that the crack area ratio and width depend on the wet layer thickness and initial liquid phase composition. These results are of much value for future electrode fabrication, as cracks affect electrode properties.

show abstract

“…High surface tension of the slurry can also cause issues with the wettability of the slurry on to the current collector, but this can be counteracted by adding a cosolvent to reduce the surface tension . High surface tension of aqueous slurries can also lead to electrode cracking problems upon drying …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Interfacial‐Energy‐Driven Dry Powder Mixing for Solvent‐Free Additive Manufacturing of Li‐Ion Battery Electrodes

Ludwig

Liu

Chen

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium‐ion battery electrodes are manufactured using a new additive manufacturing process based on dry powders. By using dry powder‐based processing, the solvent and its associated drying processes in conventional battery process can be removed, allowing for large‐scale Li‐ion battery production to be more economically viable in markets such as automotive energy storage systems. Uniform mixing distribution of the additive materials throughout the active material is the driving factor for manufacturing dry powder‐based Li‐ion batteries. Therefore, this article focuses on developing a physical model based on interfacial energies to understand the mixing characteristics of the dry mixed particulate materials. The mixing studies show that functional electrodes can be manufactured using dry processing with binder and conductive additive materials as low as 1 wt% due to the uniformly distributed particles. Electrochemical performance of the dry manufactured electrodes with reduced conductive and binder additive is promising as the cells retained 77% capacity after 100 cycles. While not representative of the best possible electrochemical performance of Li‐ion batteries, the achieved electrochemical performance of the reduced conductive and binder additive electrodes with LiCoO2 as the active material confirms the well distributed nature of the additive particles throughout the electrode matrix.

show abstract

Enabling aqueous processing for crack-free thick electrodes

Cited by 129 publications

References 54 publications

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Toward Low-Cost, High-Energy Density, and High-Power Density Lithium-Ion Batteries

Layer Formation from Polymer Carbon-Black Dispersions

Understanding Interfacial‐Energy‐Driven Dry Powder Mixing for Solvent‐Free Additive Manufacturing of Li‐Ion Battery Electrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About