Enabling Clinical Technologies for Hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy

Abstract

Prof. Eduard Y. Chekmenev received his PhD in Physical Chemistry (supervisor Prof. Richard J. Wittebort) in 2003 at the University of Louisville, KY (USA). He conducted postdoctoral research at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, FL (with Prof. Timothy Cross), Caltech (Prof. Daniel P. Weitekamp) and HMRI in Pasadena, CA (USA) (with Dr.B rian D. Ross). In 2009, Dr.C hekmenev started his hyperpolarization program at Vanderbilt University (Nashville, TN) and he was tenured in 2015. In 2018, he moved to Wayne State University (Detroit, MI) to continue his research on MR hyperpolarization.Figure 1. Thermal equilibrium polarizationp roduces asmall excess of spins in one state. When the sample undergoes hyperpolarization, alarge excess of spins exists in one state producingaconsiderably stronger signal since more spins contribute.

Through-Space Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal Enhancement Induced by Parahydrogen and Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

“…42 Another phenomenon related to hyperpolarization techniques is the spin polarization-induced nuclear Overhauser effect (SPINOE)�spontaneous transfer of polarization from HP species to other molecules in solution via dipole−dipole interactions. 43 SPINOE was previously demonstrated with optically pumped 129 Xe 43−45 and with [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C 2 ]fumarate hyperpolarized by d-DNP. 46 Recently, optical polarization of pentacene-doped naphthalene crystals was also employed as an efficient SPINOE hyperpolarization source.…”

Multinuclear MRI in Drug Discovery

“…A wide range of nuclei 2 H, 3 He, 13 C, 15 N, 31 P, and 129 Xe can be polarized [ 50 ]. The 129 Xe hyperpolarization method can be used for lung imaging amongst others [ 51 ]. Another method is brute-force polarization.…”

Parahydrogen and Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Induce Through-Space Multinuclear NMR Signal Enhancement

“…The most efficient way to improve NMR sensitivity is to create nuclear spin hyperpolarization, i.e., highly non-equilibrium population of nuclear spin states. [1,2] At the moment, several hyperpolarization techniques are available, including dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP), [3][4][5] spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), [6][7][8] parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) [9][10][11][12][13] and signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE). [14,15] d-DNP and SEOP are currently used for human biomedical applications with astounding results.…”

“…[47] Another phenomenon related to hyperpolarization techniques is spin polarization-induced nuclear Overhauser effect (SPINOE)-spontaneous transfer of polarization from HP species to other molecules in solution via dipole-dipole interactions. [48] SPINOE was previously demonstrated with optically pumped 129 Xe [48][49][50] and with [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C 2 ]fumarate hyperpolarized by d-DNP. [51] Recently, optical polarization of pentacene-doped naphthalene crystals was also employed as an efficient SPINOE hyperpolarization source.…”