Enabling fast charging – A battery technology gap assessment

Ahmed, Shabbir; Bloom, Ira; Jansen, Andrew N.; Tanim, Tanvir R.; Dufek, Eric J.; Pesaran, A.; Burnham, Andrew; Carlson, Richard Barney; Dias, Fernando; Hardy, Keith; Keyser, M.; Kreuzer, Cory; Markel, Anthony; Meintz, Andrew; Michelbacher, Christopher; Mohanpurkar, Manish; Nelson, P.A.; Robertson, David; Scoffield, Don; Shirk, Matthew; Stephens, Thomas; Vijayagopal, Ram; Zhang, Jiucai

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.055

Cited by 415 publications

(329 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The lower state of charge (SOC) limit, 10%, is assumed to avoid consumer range anxiety, and the higher one, 80%, is assumed to mitigate accelerated aging and safety concerns during fast charging. There are examples of FC lasting 8 to 10 min, also known as extremely fast charging (XFC) [20]. Today's EV charging technology distinguishes three levels of EV battery charging.…”

Section: Ev Adaptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the cell cost is shown to increase sharply to 196 USD/kWh. The incremental cost of reducing the charging time from 55 to 10 min is 126 USD/kWh [20]. Table 1 also provides details of DCFC costs and charging characteristics and their comparison to XFC given in study [30].…”

Section: Ev Adaptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The one of the problems with FC and XFC is their effect on durability, reliability, and safety of FC and XFC-enabled battery packs because of the temperature increase that occurs during charging. Studies [20,32] have investigated the performance of different EV batteries during the FC and XCF process. Lithium-ion batteries are shown to have the best performance according to their higher energy efficiency of up to 99.5% [32], power density, compact and lighter weight [33] and are used in applications that need high energy or power densities [20].…”

Section: Ev Adaptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vehicle-to-Grid in Standard and Fast Electric Vehicle Charging: Comparison of Renewable Energy Source Utilization and Charging Costs

2020

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Croatia aims to achieve 10% of its energy production from the renewable energy sources in the total energy consumption in the transport sector. One of the ways to achieve this goal is by the use of electric vehicles. This work comparatively analyses the financial and social aspects of vehicle-to-grid charging in standard and fast charging mode, their impact on the renewable electricity production and the total electricity consumption regulated through variable electricity prices. Data were taken for the wider urban area of the Dubrovnik region. The assumption is that the Dubrovnik region will be self-sufficient by the year 2050 with 100% renewable electricity production and that all conventional vehicles will be replaced by electric vehicles. This work aims to show that the fast charging based on 10 min time steps offers more opportunities for flexibility and utilization of renewable generation in the energy system than the standard charging based on hourly time step. The results of this work showed the opposite, where in most of the scenarios standard charging provided better results. Replacement of the existing two tariff model in electricity prices with variable electricity prices contributes to the stability of the energy system, providing better regulation of charging and higher opportunities for renewable electricity utilization in standard and fast charging and reduction of charging costs. According to the financial aspects, fast charging is shown to be more expensive, but for the social aspects, it provides electric vehicles with more opportunities for better competition in the market.

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Section: Ev Adaptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ev Adaptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ev Adaptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vehicle-to-Grid in Standard and Fast Electric Vehicle Charging: Comparison of Renewable Energy Source Utilization and Charging Costs

2020

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“…2 It is widely recognized that modern LIB fast charging is limited by safety and performance issues originating at the negative graphite electrode. 3,4 The charge process requires the release of Li + from the positive electrode and insertion of Li + into the graphite negative electrode (Eq. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Relaxation to Detect the Onset of Lithium Plating on Graphite for Fast Charging

Konz¹,

McShane²,

McCloskey³

2020

Preprint

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Li-ion battery fast charging is critical to reduce electric vehicle ‘range anxiety’ and enable emerging technologies such as aerial drones and high-performance portable electronics. Fast charging is primarily limited by lithium plating on graphite, which can cause capacity fade and catastrophic cell shorting. The ability to detect the initial onset of lithium plating using easily accessible battery management system parameters (current, voltage, and capacity) would dramatically improve the safety of fast charging protocols. In this work, we highlight the application of a differential open-circuit voltage analysis (dOCV) to detect when Li plating first begins during room temperature fast charging. We quantify the Li detection limit of the technique to be approximately 4 mAh plated Li per gram graphite, showing that this method has high sensitivity and significant commercial promise.

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“…We quantify the Li detection limit of the technique to be approximately 4 mAh plated Li per gram graphite, showing that this method has high sensitivity and significant commercial promise.It is widely recognized that modern LIB fast charging is limited by safety and performance issues originating at the negative graphite electrode. 3,4 The charge process requires the release of Li + from the positive electrode and insertion of Li + into the graphite negative electrode (Eq. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Relaxation to Detect the Onset of Lithium Plating on Graphite for Fast Charging

Konz

Ej²,

McCloskey³

2020

Preprint

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Enabling fast charging – A battery technology gap assessment

Cited by 415 publications

References 69 publications

Vehicle-to-Grid in Standard and Fast Electric Vehicle Charging: Comparison of Renewable Energy Source Utilization and Charging Costs

Vehicle-to-Grid in Standard and Fast Electric Vehicle Charging: Comparison of Renewable Energy Source Utilization and Charging Costs

Voltage Relaxation to Detect the Onset of Lithium Plating on Graphite for Fast Charging

Voltage Relaxation to Detect the Onset of Lithium Plating on Graphite for Fast Charging

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