Enabling personalized cancer medicine decisions: The challenging pharmacological approach of PBPK models for nanomedicine and pharmacogenomics (Review)

Abstract

The existing tumor heterogeneity and the complexity of cancer cell biology critically demand powerful translational tools with which to support interdisciplinary efforts aiming to advance personalized cancer medicine decisions in drug development and clinical practice. The development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to predict the effects of drugs in the body facilitates the clinical translation of genomic knowledge and the implementation of in vivo pharmacology experience with pharmacogenomics. Such a direction unequivocally empowers our capacity to also make personalized drug dosage scheme decisions for drugs, including molecularly targeted agents and innovative nanoformulations, i.e. in establishing pharmacotyping in prescription. In this way, the applicability of PBPK models to guide individualized cancer therapeutic decisions of broad clinical utility in nanomedicine in real-time and in a cost-affordable manner will be discussed. The latter will be presented by emphasizing the need for combined efforts within the scientific borderlines of genomics with nanotechnology to ensure major benefits and productivity for nanomedicine and personalized medicine interventions.

Pharmacological Development of Target-Specific Delocalized Lipophilic Cation-Functionalized Carboranes for Cancer Therapy

“…It has been suggested that as long as technological advancements empower the translational medicine capacity in enabling the pharmacological exploitation of cancer cell molecular and genomic knowledge, the advances to therapeutically overcome heterogeneity and to target the tumor cell microenvironment will occur at increasing rates [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. A major milestone towards organelle-specific drug delivery was reached by the discovery of delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) [11].…”

Nursing Personnel in the Era of Personalized Healthcare in Clinical Practice

“…Nowadays, PM approaches are continuously developed for chronic and complex diseases (i.e., cardiovascular, diabetes, arthritis, kidney disease) and mainly for cancer [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Their exploitation is continuously providing (i) advanced innovative tools in academia; (ii) data for the pharmaceutical industry to predict the most promising compound during R&D; and (iii) novel aspects in medical society as decision-making tools for optimum treatment response, which are applied in clinical practice [68,69]. It can be proposed that although EBP seems to oppose PM, they are actually mutually complementary both in their goals but also in their limitations [45,50].…”

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models: approaches for enabling personalized medicine

“…PBPK models have been utilized to predict dose and frequency of drug administration for cancer drugs [113,114]. These models, together with oncology and systems biology computation models for tumor growth and cancer progress, form a complex multiscale framework that is powerful in the development of anticancer agents [115].…”