2006
DOI: 10.1002/nur.20134
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Enacting a theory of caring to recruit and retain vulnerable participants for sensitive research

Abstract: The recruitment and retention of research participants always presents challenges to researchers. This process is made more complicated when the research being undertaken is socially sensitive and the populations of interest are considered vulnerable. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how Swanson's middle-range theory of caring can be used as a framework for recruitment and retention for studies on sensitive topics that involve vulnerable participants. We provide an overview of the theory as well as… Show more

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Cited by 46 publications
(58 citation statements)
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“…In accordance with other studies, even when the interview was emotionally moving the participants wanted to continue after a short break. 50,57 As observed in previous studies 13,20,24,[30][31][32] most of the participants in this study also considered participation in the study to be important and helpful. On the one hand they felt that participation offered a possibility to share their personal experiences and reflect on their experiences, thoughts and feelings, and on the other they hoped that their participation and the results of the research would benefit others in the same situation.…”
Section: Ethical and Methodological Issues During The Data Collectionsupporting
confidence: 58%
“…In accordance with other studies, even when the interview was emotionally moving the participants wanted to continue after a short break. 50,57 As observed in previous studies 13,20,24,[30][31][32] most of the participants in this study also considered participation in the study to be important and helpful. On the one hand they felt that participation offered a possibility to share their personal experiences and reflect on their experiences, thoughts and feelings, and on the other they hoped that their participation and the results of the research would benefit others in the same situation.…”
Section: Ethical and Methodological Issues During The Data Collectionsupporting
confidence: 58%
“…Kavanaugh and colleagues stress the importance of avoiding assumptions in research with vulnerable participants and "focusing on what a participants' situation means to him or her, as opposed to what it means to the researcher." 43 One way that this result could have been prevented would to have preceded the process with a formal expert appraisal process. 25 A second way would have been to test more instruments and items with fewer participants for each, although that approach may have reduced our ability to observe the full diversity of responses and to generalize recommendations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sensitive research generally refers to "research which potentially poses a substantial threat or risk to those who are or have been involved in it" (Lee, 1993, p. 4). Topics that have the potential to arouse and unleash deep emotions and/or painful memories, as well as issues of a deeply personal nature, are often defined as sensitive (Dickson-Swift, James, Kippen, & Liamputtong, 2008;Kavanaugh et al, 2006).…”
Section: Sensitive Research and Sensitive Issuesmentioning
confidence: 99%