Enamel defects in extracted and exfoliated teeth from patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta, measured using the extended enamel defects index and image analysis

Abstract

AimsTo enhance the phenotypic description and quantification of enamel defects from a North Sweden sample of extracted and exfoliated teeth originating from families with Amelogenesis Imperfecta by use of the extended enamel defects index (EDI) and image analysis to demonstrate the comparable reliability and value of the additional measurements.Methods and resultsThe sample comprised 109 deciduous and 7 permanent teeth from 32 individuals of 19 families with Amelogenesis Imperfecta in Northern Sweden. A special holder for individual teeth was designed and the whole sample was examined using the extended EDI and an image analysis system. In addition to the extended EDI definitions, the calibrated images were measured for tooth surface area, defect area and percentage of surface affected using image analysis techniques. The extended EDI was assessed using weighted and unweighted Kappa statistics. The reliability of imaging and measurement was determined using Fleiss’ intra-class correlation coefficient (ICCC). Kappa values indicated good or excellent intra-operator repeatability and inter-operator reproducibility for the extended EDI. The Fleiss ICCC values indicated excellent repeatability for the image analysis measurements. Hypoplastic pits on the occlusal surfaces were the most frequent defect in this sample (82.6%). The occlusal surface displayed the most post-eruptive breakdown (39.13%) whilst the incisal portion of the buccal surfaces showed most diffuse opacities (53.4%). Image analysis methods demonstrated the largest mean hypoplastic pit areas were on the lingual surfaces. The largest mean post-eruptive breakdown areas were on the lingual surfaces of posterior teeth. The largest mean demarcated opacity areas were found on the labial surfaces.ConclusionsThe extended EDI and the standardised image acquisition and analysis system provided additional information to conventional measurement techniques. Additional phenotypic variables were described.

Efficacy of pastes containing CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome

“…In the present study, a SEM analysis revealed positive surface alterations after treatment with a CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP paste which is in accordance with previously published results [16]. The image analysis technique permits reliable measurements and can produce detail and objective data through an assessment of a great number of variables [33]. When the influence of pastes containing CPP-ACP/CPP-ACFP and 0.05 % NaF on surface characteristics of demineralised enamel in an in vitro study was examined, significant alterations in enamel morphology have been found after treatment with both CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP, with the CPP-ACFP having the most pronounced effect [34].…”

The Structure and Composition of Deciduous Enamel Affected by Local Hypoplastic Autosomal Dominant Amelogenesis Imperfecta Resulting from an <i>ENAM</i> Mutation

“…The index is binary in nature and has a value range from 0,0,0 to 1,1,1, the former indicating no visible defect of any kind (hypoplasia, opacity or post-eruptive breakdown) is present and the latter indicating all 3 are present on the tooth surface under scrutiny. The teeth used in this study are a subset of a much larger collection of teeth for which the EDI has been determined [Smith et al, 2008].…”

Amelogênese imperfeita: relato de caso clínico

“…Os mais evidentes são as alterações na composição do esmalte dental, tanto em quantidade e qualidade (áreas hipoplásicas nas superfícies oclusais são o defeito mais frequentemente encontrado. A superfície oclusal apresenta maior degradação pós-eruptiva, enquanto que a porção incisal das superfícies vestibulares mostra maior opacidade difusa 10 …”