Enantioselective comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography of lavender essential oil

Abstract

The enantiomeric composition of several chiral markers in lavender essential oil was studied by flow modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography operated in the reverse flow mode and hyphenated to flame ionization and quadrupole mass spectrometric detection. Two capillary column series were used in this study, 2,3-di-O-ethyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin or 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin, as the chiral column in the first dimension and α polyethylene glycol column in the second dimension. Combining the chromatographic data obtained on these column series, the enantiomeric and excess ratios for α-pinene, β-pinene, camphor, lavandulol, borneol, and terpinen-4-ol were determined. This maybe a possible route to assess the authenticity of lavender essential oil.

Chiroptical fingerprints to characterize lavender and lavandin essential oils

“…The chiral markers thus highlighted on a polarimetric chromatogram were used to discriminate between the varieties of lavender / lavandin EOs thanks to chemometrics. Table 1 and for lavandin EOs in Table 2 . ( −)-Linalool (13.11-53.73%) and ( −)-linalyl acetate (17.34-54.89%) were the main constituents and their enantiomeric composition was in accordance with literature [36,38,44] : linalyl acetate was found with high ee ( > 99%), while the two enantiomers of linalool were confirmed in all the varieties studied (ee between 88 and 94%). Enantiomeric distribution of linalyl acetate and linalool, the main compounds of lavender/lavandin EOs were already used to identify adulteration [45] have not been detected in EOs.…”

“…[36] , and then by Flores et al [44] , but is lost in the Austrian Lavender oil sold by Sigma-Aldrich, as shown by Sandra and coll. [38] , with only 87%, 84% and 36% ee for camphor, lavandulol and α-terpineol, respectively. In the case of terpinen-4-ol, the presence of the 2 enantiomers was observed (92 to 98% ee) except in AB and SP varieties where ( + )-terpinen-4-ol has high enantiomeric purity ( > 99% ee).…”

“…Their chiral components can be studied, on one hand, by enantioselective GC, that is available since the early 90s [34] , thanks to the enantioselectivity of cyclodextrin derivatives. Indeed, the separation by GC for the enantiomers of the main markers of lavender EOs has already been published [35][36][37] and recently optimized by flow modulated comprehensive two-dimensional GC to be used for quality control [38] . On the other hand, chiroptical vibrational spectroscopy has been used by our group to analyze the enantiomeric composition of the markers in Artemisia herba-alba EOs [39] .…”

Screening of semi‐volatile compounds in plants treated with coated cerium oxide nanoparticles by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography

“…Since 2D gas chromatography (2D GC) provides mass sensitivity, simple sample preparation, and easy identification of compounds, it was a method of our choice. The 2D GC–MS has found application in the analysis of lignin degradation products [7], fuel biodegradation [8], food [9,10], and essential oil [11] analysis.…”

“…Since 2D gas chromatography (2D GC) provides mass sensitivity, simple sample preparation, and easy identification of compounds, it was a method of our choice. The 2D GC-MS has found application in the analysis of lignin degradation products [7], fuel biodegradation [8], food [9,10], and essential oil [11] analysis. The aim of this research was the screening of semi-VOCs in wheat and pea using 2D GC-MS to investigate their qualitative changes after their treatment with 200 mg L −1 uncoated (CeO 2 ) and glucose-, levan-, and pullulancoated nCeO 2 (glucose-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles (G-CeO 2 ), levan-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles (L-CeO 2 ), and pullulan-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles (P-CeO 2 )) during three weeks-growth in hydroponics.…”