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The enantiomeric ratio of chiral compounds is known as a useful tool to estimate wine quality as well as observe an influence of wine-producing technology. The incorporation of flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in this type of analysis provides a possibility to improve the quality of results due to the enhancement of separation capacity and resolution. In this study, flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography was incorporated in enantioselective analysis to determine the influence of winemaking technology on specific features of botrytized wines. The samples included Tokaj essences (high-sugar wines), Tokaj botrytized wines and varietal wines (Furmint, Muscat Lunel, Lipovina) and wines maturated on grape peels. The obtained data was processed with hierarchic cluster analysis to reveal variations in composition and assess classification ability for botrytized wines. A significant difference between the samples was observed for the enantiomeric distribution of ethyl lactate and presence of monoterpene alcohols. The varietal wines were successfully separated from the other types, which showed more similar results and could be divided with additional parameters. We observed a correlation between the botrytized wines and the varietal wines fermented with grape skins. As to the essences produced from juice of botrytized grapes, the results were quite similar to those of the botrytized wines, even though monoterpenes were not detected in the extracts.

In this paper, an attempt was made to contribute to the use of biological markers, n-alkanes, and polycyclic alkanes of the sterane and terpane type, in the assessment of the source of oil pollutants in the environment using the example of the correlation between recent river and coastal sediments,. Four samples of recent river sediments of the Vrbas River and four samples of adjacent bank sediments (soils), in the part of the River that belongs to the city of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were analyzed. In the alkane fractions of isolated extracts, a bimodal distribution of the n-alkanes was observed. Lower homologues dominated in the recent river sediments with maximum at C 15 , but higher n-alkanes dominated in the soil samples, with a maximum at n-C 29 or at n-C 31. The higher concentration of steranes and terpanes with oil type distributions in the recent/fresh river sediments (compared to the bank sediments) represents evidence that lower n-alkanes originate from oil sources. The higher content of total hydrocarbons in the recent river sediments than in the bank sediments further confirms this conclusion. At the same time, these fundamental considerations provide evidence that oil pollution primarily occurred in the water flow and then the oil pollutants propagated towards the riverbank.

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