Enantioselective extraction of (+)-(S)-citalopram and its main metabolites using a tailor-made stir bar chiral imprinted polymer for their LC-ESI-MS/MS quantitation in urine samples

Simultaneous Quantification of Citalopram and its Main Metabolite, Desmethylcitalopram, in Human Saliva by UHPLC

“…With the exception of this study, there is no information on the concentration of DCIT in saliva, making the comparison of the results difficult. On the other hand, the concentration of DCIT in blood was lower than CIT [12], in contrast to its concentration in urine, 12 hours after the drug administration [15].…”

“…Although blood allows determination of the free and bounded fraction of the drug, but sampling involves physical intrusion into the patient, which may cause infection and entails additional stress. Another biological material often used for the analysis of CIT and DCIT is urine [3, 10, 15], but have also been determined in hair and nails from living bodies [16] and different tissues or organs such as muscle, brain and kidney procured from the dead [17, 18]. Saliva is an underrated biological material which can also be used for the monitoring of CIT and DCIT concentrations, but so far only CIT has been determined in oral fluid [4, 19, 20].…”

“…Thus far, various extraction procedures have been applied for the isolation of both CIT and DCIT from blood and urine, i.e . Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) [5, 6, 12-14, 17, 18, 20], its modification such as SBSE ( Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ) [10, 15], and Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) [3, 8, 9, 16, 19, 21]. Biological samples have also been purified using deproteinization with organic solvents [7,11].…”

Molecularly imprinted polymers as a tool for the study of the 4-ethylphenol metabolic pathway in red wines

“…Research into new sorbent materials focused on selective extraction of the abovementioned targets would be highly desirable in order to obtain more concentrated and cleaner sample extracts [20] and thereby simplifying to a great extent the subsequent analysis step. In this regard, molecular imprinting [21] could serve as a useful tool to develop selective sorbent materials with high retention capacity [20,22,23].…”

Hollow fiber supported liquid-phase microextraction combined with maltodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis for the determination of citalopram enantiomers in urine samples

“…The development of a rapid and specic method allowing the screening and the determination of this new antidepressant drug in biological uids could be of great interest either in therapeutic drug monitoring use or in toxicological screening in the case of suicide involving this compound. 7 The determination of CIT has already been carried out using chromatographic methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV), [8][9][10][11] capillary electrophoresis (CE), [12][13][14] capillary electrochromatography (CEC), 15 and gas chromatography (GC-MS). 16,17 One of the important steps in an analytical method is the extraction of the compounds of interest from the sample matrix.…”