Encapsulation of Inorganic Nanoparticles by Miniemulsion Polymerization

Forcada, Jacqueline; Ramos, J.A.

doi:10.1002/9780470922354.ch4

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…The incorporation of silica particles into an organic matrix to obtain organic/inorganic hybrids via different polymerization techniques has received a great deal of attention over the past few years because of significant improvements in the mechanical and optical properties of the resulting products. − Among the different approaches to making such products, heterophase polymerization processes such as emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization are popular because they offer environmentally friendly alternatives to solvent-based systems. − Miniemulsion polymerization offers additional advantages over conventional emulsion polymerization. In particular, it is relatively easy to encapsulate hydrophobic compounds inside polymer particles by this technique because of the way in which the droplets are generated. − Indeed, unlike in conventional emulsion polymerization, miniemulsion droplets can be regarded as individually acting nanoreactors that can be converted into particles of similar size and composition. Hence, if inorganic particles are originally suspended in the monomer phase prior to polymerization, it is possible to form organic/inorganic composite particles through droplet nucleation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica Encapsulation by Miniemulsion Polymerization: Distribution and Localization of the Silica Particles in Droplets and Latex Particles

et al. 2012

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The impact of including hydrophobically modified silica on the morphology of miniemulsified monomer mixtures and that of the resulting polymer particles was investigated, with emphasis placed on the distribution and localization of the inorganic phase. Silica nanoparticles with diameters of 20 and 78 nm were first modified with γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) to favor their dispersion in methyl methacrylate (MMA)/n-butyl acrylate (BuA) and mixtures of varying MMA to BuA weight ratios. The monomer-silica dispersions were then emulsified by ultrasonication, and the resulting silica-loaded droplets were examined using cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). This represents the first time such silica-loaded nanodroplets were examined in this way. The results of the cryo-TEM show that whereas the silica particles could easily be dispersed in MMA or a mixture of MMA and BuA to produce stable dispersions, the emulsification step promotes the (re)localization of the silica at the oil-water interfaces. It was also shown that not all droplets are equal; some droplets and particles contain no silica whereas others contain many silica particles. After the subsequent polymerization step, the silica was buried inside the latex particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica Encapsulation by Miniemulsion Polymerization: Distribution and Localization of the Silica Particles in Droplets and Latex Particles

et al. 2012

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“…Miniemulsion polymerization offers the possibility for the encapsulation of different materials, ranging from liquid to solid, from organic to inorganic, and from molecularly dissolved to aggregated species into polymeric nanoparticles and nanocapsules. − Particularly, the encapsulation of inorganic nanoparticles by polymer shells is of high interest because these hybrid nanoparticles exhibit enhanced, even novel properties (e.g., mechanical, chemical, electrical, rheological, magnetic, and optical) and offer very interesting actual and potential applications in different fields. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the works found in literature devoted to encapsulate iron oxide nanoparticles by miniemulsion polymerization proposed a single-step miniemulsion process − consisting of four stages: (i) hydrophobization of the hydrophilic inorganic nanoparticles; (ii) dispersion and stabilization of the hydrophobized inorganic nanoparticles in monomer phase; (iii) miniemulsification of the lipophilic dispersion in water; and (iv) polymerization of droplets . The successful incorporation of hydrophilic iron oxide nanoparticles into hydrophobic polymer particles by miniemulsion polymerization relies on their surface modification to make iron oxide/polymer compatible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant-Free Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Simple Synthetic Route to a Successful Encapsulation of Magnetite Nanoparticles

Ramos

Forcada

2011

Langmuir

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Due to the existing interest in new hybrid particles in the colloidal range based on both magnetic and polymeric materials for applications in biotechnological fields, this work is focused on the preparation of magnetic polymer nanoparticles (MPNPs) by a single-step miniemulsion process developed to achieve better control of the morphology of the magnetic nanocomposite particles. MPNPs are prepared by surfactant-free miniemulsion polymerization using styrene (St) as a monomer, hexadecane (HD) as a hydrophobe, and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator in the presence of oleic acid (OA)-modified magnetite nanoparticles. The effect of the type of cross-linker used [divinylbenzene (DVB) and bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BMEP)] together with the effect of the amount of an aid stabilizer (dextran) on size, particle size distribution (PSD), and morphology of the hybrid nanoparticles synthesized is analyzed in detail. The mixture of different surface modifiers produces hybrid nanocolloids with various morphologies: from a typical core-shell composed by a magnetite core surrounded by a polymer shell to a homogeneously distributed morphology where the magnetite is uniformly distributed throughout the entire nanocomposite.

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Functionalized Inorganic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Separation and SERS Detection of Water Pollutants

et al. 2018

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Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged in the last decades as key materials for a number of technologies. In particular, noble metal (Ag, Au) and iron oxide NPs have revealed important applications due to their plasmonic and magnetic properties, respectively. Among these applications, this review provides, on one hand, an overview on the use of colloidal metal NPs in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chemical analysis and, on the other hand, the application of iron oxides as a new class of nanosorbents for water pollutants. These distinct types of NPs are the main building blocks to produce [a] Raman spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool for chemical characterization, providing information about molecular structure, surface processes, and interface reactions. [31,32] Raman spectroscopy is based on the inelastic scattering of photons by chemical species and materials (Raman scattering). Among the incident photons that hit the sample only a small portion is inelastically scattered, i.e. comes out at a different frequency from the incident light. The spectral information is based on the detection of these scattered photons that are recorded as energy shifts (Raman shifts) from the wavenumber of the elastic scattered photons (Rayleigh scattering). Each band in the Raman spectrum can be assigned to a vibrational mode (or Paula

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Encapsulation of Inorganic Nanoparticles by Miniemulsion Polymerization

Cited by 5 publications

References 101 publications

Silica Encapsulation by Miniemulsion Polymerization: Distribution and Localization of the Silica Particles in Droplets and Latex Particles

Silica Encapsulation by Miniemulsion Polymerization: Distribution and Localization of the Silica Particles in Droplets and Latex Particles

Surfactant-Free Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Simple Synthetic Route to a Successful Encapsulation of Magnetite Nanoparticles

Functionalized Inorganic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Separation and SERS Detection of Water Pollutants

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