Encephalo-Myelitis Following Vaccination.

Evidences of Vascular Occlusion in Multiple Sclerosis and "Encephalomyelitis"

“…Practically all authors who have described postvaccinal and postmeasles "encephalitis" since the reports of Barlow and Penrose (cited by Greenfield 15) and Turnbull and Mclntosh 16 have mentioned the extraordinary congestion which even in gross specimens is an unmis¬ takable feature of the disease. The localization and appearance of the congestion have been well reviewed and described by Finley.17 In some instances not only congestion but perivascular hemorrhage and deposits of pigment have been reported.18 Indeed, the attempt has been made to establish a special hemorrhagic form of the disease-an attempt which is probably unjustified, as will be indicated later.…”

Pathogenicity of a Vaccine Strain of Vaccinia Virus in Rabbits Administered by Intravenous Route

“…Verlinde (1951) failed to produce demyelination in animal experiments and suggested an indirect role of the vaccinia virus that produces inflammatory lesions in the brain but has no direct action on the myelin sheaths . In monkeys injected intracerebrally, the infectious virus can be recovered at high titers (Hashizume et al, 1972;Morita et al ., 1977), whereas isolation of vaccinia virus from human PVE cases has been limited (Turnbull and McIntosh , 1926;Angulo et al, 1964;Gurvich et al, 1975). Despite the positive virus isolation from the diseased brain, Angulo et al (1964) suggested rather a bigger role of the allergic mechanism from histopathological findings.…”

Vaccinia virus: a suitable vehicle for recombinant vaccines?

“…In survivors, recovery started within a few days and was generally complete within two weeks. The histology of the lesions was first described by Turnbull and McIntosh [45] who drew attention to the perivascular infiltration by lymphocytes and broad zones of "softening" in the white matter, which were later shown to be areas of perivascular demyelination. Several authors [see 19] have discussed the similarity of these lesions to those which may occur after, e.g., measles and other febrile infectious diseases.…”